前程百利2015-09-25更新GMAT阅读机经
23.切尔若贝利电站变成生物聚集地
【本月原始】
V2最后一篇是切尔诺贝利核电站的那篇，讲20年后核电站周围形成了新生态圈子，一队科学家去研究，数了数有多少只多少种鸟， 同时随着核辐射严重程度，鸟的种类和数量递减，原因是那里没有适合鸟的生态环境，尤其是对那些以在地上生长的植物为食的鸟类
文章非常简单，但选项很绕
V3契尔诺贝里核电站有鸟了，但辐射越强的地方鸟越少，有一个比例：辐射强的地方鸟是辐射少的地方鸟的2/3
V4有篇是说在有有报道称在一个核泄漏2年后的地方附近产生了动物聚集的场景，然后科学家们去研究那附近的鸟类，发现离泄漏越近鸟类的个数越少，说明核泄漏还是有一定影响(似乎是否定了报道，狗主这篇做的太快不能确定原文准确信息)
4.电影明星(残狗待确认)+2
【考古】
※ 主题思路：
电影明星并不是在电影一开始就有的，是随着电影技术的进步，电影形式和内容的进步以及整体商业运作的配合下才产生的
※ 段落大意：
P1：人们以为film star是电影发展和人们审美desire的自然结果。但实际上并不是这样。早期的film很受欢迎但并没有film star. 电影明星的出现是因为电影制作者在幕后的推动和电影业本身的发展
P2：电影以前由于摄像机放的远，演员的脸黑乎乎的看不清楚，加上台词是打上去的，不用演员表现，所以那时候没有明星。以前电影都短而且是非叙事的，由于大家制作的电影相似度比较高，所以电影业竞争非常激烈。(有细节题问什么导致了竞争激烈)后来电影业整合逐渐出现了一种monopoly，由某个机构统一提供所需要的人力、设备等，加上摄影技术的变革，电影业的竞争变弱了。
P3：随着科技的不断改进，有个叫AZ的人，他用了若干策略，提高了投资，导致了技术进步，人脸能看清了，电影变长了，加入了叙事电影也更依赖film star的self-expression，至此主角才变得重要，使得电影明星出现了，明星开始变得重要起来。观众们热烈响应，这个个人还设置了blabla导致电影行业从制作 到销售的整合。另外，某个企业家试图增强自己的竞争力，开始炒作明星
P4：由于这个patent cool/pool，电影的制作cost好高，于是一个企业家M某，冒着违纪的风险,威胁电影放映商(distributer)如果放他的一部由某女星演得电影，就得放他所有的电影(无耻啊)。更有甚者，他居然还将整个产业链都并掉(verticalmerge)，最后导致的结果就是某某明星遍地开花
题目:
Q1:从文章可以推断出的不正确的。
我选的是“美国观众的审美等等可以自然产生film star”。第一段驳斥了这个观点。
Q2:有主题题，
两个选项我犹豫了下，一个说明星的产生、电影业的发展和制作者的推动满足了观众的口味;一个说电影明星的产生是因为……我选的第一个，跳过去了就后悔了…… 这两个表述很像，大家读的时候仔细不要扫一眼就完了
Q3:下列那个是关于the heyday (全盛期)of the patent pool system的描述?
还有个动词生词, 有点像emphasize 也是e开头，ize结尾的，就是想不起来了，这个词很重要，关键动词。
网上搜的Patent Pool
It was in 1902 that the phonograph record reached maturity, with the great pooling of patents that combined the advantages of all the systems and allowed the entire industry to benefit equally. But even then the cylinder record was far from dead. During the period of Berliner's continued experimenting, the original two-cylinder systems had developed and multiplied commercially into a considerable business. New companies with impressive names were formed, merged, or were bought out, or died - names that to most of us today are entirely familiar. The "North American Phonograph Company" for a time combined sales of both the Edison phonograph and the Bell-Tainter graphophone, since the similarity of the two machines continued. In 1896 Edison, who was a businessman and financier when he had a mind to be, bought back the whole cylinder business for himself, forming the "National Phonograph Company" (corporation names then, as now, ran to impressive adjectives!), and began for the first time to take an interest in music for recording purposes, his earlier interest having been largely in speech, the dictating-machine aspect. (Berliner, however, had a good musical ear and had been inclined toward music from the very beginning of his experiments.)
Edison had solved the clockwork problem more easily than Berliner, for the mechanical problems were simpler with the cylinder type of movement. But one immense obstacle persisted for several years: duplication of cylinder records. The simple plating and stamping process used with the Berliner disks could not be adapted to the more complicated shape of the cylinder, though frantic experiments continued. while Berliner turned out duplicated quantities of his noisy zinc-etched records, the better-sounding wax-engraved cylinders were still being made and sold individually via the old sing-it-and-sing-it-again process, a handful at a time!
Intense efforts to do something about this disastrous situation led first to a makeshift pantograph system of copying, which allowed three or four cylinders to be engraved simultaneously. It figured in an amusing incident when an artist who was being paid to do his piece a dozen or so times over, making a single record each time, happened to notice a large tray filled with cylinders being carried away, all labeled with his own just-recorded selection. The economy-minded manufacturer had thought to use the new duplicator undetected, to multiply his too-meager profits to the artist's expense.
But this was a stopgap. Not until after the turn of the century did the cylinder makers finally surmount the technical difficulties of plating and pressing a cylinder record, thus making cylinder duplication possible - though too late - on a par with Berliner's disk duplication. But still the cylinder had flourished.
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