本节课的主要内容是GMAT写作常见逻辑错误中的纵向错误类比，教会考生如何高效备考GMAT写作并获得理想的成绩，GMAT写作快速分析逻辑错误之纵向错误类比，快和小编一起去学习一下吧。
The following appeared in an announcement issued by the publisher of The Mercury, a weekly newspaper:
"Since a competing lower-priced newspaper, The Bugle, was started five years ago, The Mercury's circulation has declined by 10,000 readers. The best way to get more people to read The Mercury is to reduce its price below that of The Bugle, at least until circulation increases to former levels. The increased circulation of The Mercury will attract more businesses to buy advertising space in the paper."
Discuss how well reasoned ... etc.
错误分析：
1. 因果关系：since a competing lower-priced newspaper, The Bugle, was started five years ago, The Mercury’s circulation has declined by 10000readers.
2. 无理假设：The best way to get more people to read the Mercury is to reduce its price below that of the Bugle, at least until circulation increases to former levels.
The increased circulation of The Mercury will attract more businesses to buy advertising space in the paper.
首段：
1. 结论重现(the conclusion):the price of the Mercury should be reduced below the price of the Bugle to increase circulation
2. 推理过程重现(the line of reasoning):
Since a competing lower-priced newspaper, The Bugle, was started five years ago, the Mercury’s circulation has declined by 10000 readers.
The best way to get more people to read The Mercury is to reduce its price below that of The Bugle, at least until circulation increases to former levels.
The increased circulation of The Mercury will attract more businesses to buy advertising space in the paper.
3. 一句话评价：Unconvincing/ weak/ defective/ problematic/ questionable/ unsound.
中间第一段：
First/ To begin with,
The publisher reasons that since The Bugle has a lower price, the Mercury’s circulation has declined.
He (unfairly) builds a causal relationship between these two things.
The publisher also assumes that price is the only factor that caused the decline in readership and ignores other factors such as…
This is fallacious reasoning unless other possible causal explanations have been considered and eliminated/ ruled out (advertising, untrue reports, design style, even management)
中间第二段：
Secondly/Moreover/In addition
The publisher assumes that the best way to get more people to read The Mercury is to reduce its price…and that the increased circulation of The Mercury will attract the businesses to buy…
But there is no guarantee that this is the case, nor does the publisher cite any evidence to support this assumption.
Even price is the only factor, it is not obvious that lowing the subscription price is the most effective way.
Maybe…(price level, quality, market)
结尾段：
1. In conclusion/To sum up, the publisher’s argument is unconvincing/ weak/ defective/ problematic/ questionable/ unsound.
2. To support/ strengthen/ better evaluate the argument the publisher would have to…
(price is the only factor, there are no other ways or no better ways, circulation is a decisive factor to attract more businesses)
补充表达：
1. the first(second)questionable assumption underlying this argument is that…
2. One(The main) problem with this reasoning is that …
Another problem is that…更多相关内容请点击》GMAT写作备考侧重点分析。
参考范文：
A newspaper publisher is recommending that the price of its paper, The Mercury, be reduced below the price of a competing newspaper, The Bugle. This recommendation responds to a severe decline in circulation of The Mercury during the 5-year period following the introduction of The Bugle. The publisher's line of reasoning is that lowering the price of The Mercury will increase its readership, thereby increasing profits because a wider readership attracts more advertisers. This line of reasoning is problematic in two critical respects.
While it is clear that increased circulation would make the paper more attractive to potential advertisers, it is not obvious that lowering the subscription price is the most effective way to gain new readers. The publisher assumes that price is the only factor that caused the decline in readership. But no evidence is given to support this claim. Moreover, given that The Mercury was the established local paper, it is unlikely that such a mass exodus of its readers would be explained by subscription price alone.
There are many other factors that might account for a decline in The Mercury's popularity. For instance, readers might be displeased with the extent and accuracy of its news reporting, or the balance of local to other news coverage. Moreover, it is possible The Mercury has recently changed editors, giving the paper a locally unpopular political perspective. Or perhaps readers are unhappy with the paper's format, the timeliness of its feature articles, its comics or advice columns, the extent and accuracy of its local event calendar, or its rate of errors.
In conclusion, this argument is weak because it depends on an oversimplified assumption about the causal connection between the price of the paper and its popularity. To strengthen the argument, the author must identify and explore relevant factors beyond cost before concluding that lowering subscription prices will increase circulation and, thereby, increase advertising revenues.
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