解释题型和我们上一节课讲解的归纳类题目有很大的相似。听完老师的讲解，大家对这一认识会更加清楚，我们照例会通过例题帮助同学们理解考点。
解释题的特色。
归纳类题目中，提干部分给我们提供的都是前提条件，解释类也一样会给出很多前提条件，这些前提条件中会出现令人惊奇的差异，或非常奇怪的现象。我们需要找一个合适的选项把这种差异或奇怪的现象解释清楚。
这种题型很简单，我们只需要读懂题目之后，找到需要解释的部分，最后我们找到能将矛盾解释清楚的选项即可。
一、解释题例题一。
A report that many apples contain a cancer-causing preservative called Alar apparently had little effect on consumers. Few consumers planned to change their apple-buying habits as a result of the report. Nonetheless, sales of apples in grocery stores fell sharply in March, a month after the report was issued.
Which of the following, if true, best explains the reason for the apparent discrepancy described above?
A. In March, many grocers removed apples from their shelves in order to demonstrate concern about their customers' health.
B. Because of a growing number of food-safety warnings, consumers in March were indifferent to such warnings.
C. The report was delivered on television and also appeared in newspapers.
D. The report did not mention that any other fruit contains Alar, although the preservative is used on other fruit.
E. Public health officials did not believe that apples posed a health threat because only minute traces of Alar were present in affected apples.
1、题意：一份报道说很多苹果含有一种叫alar的致癌防腐剂显然对消费者影响很小。因为这篇报道很少有消费者改变他们对苹果的购买习惯。然而，在这篇报道发表后的一个月，三月份，食品杂货店的苹果销售量却陡然下滑。解释矛盾现象。
2、解题思路：
P1：A report had little effect on consumers.
P2：sales of apples in grocery stores fell sharply in March, a month after the report was issued.
—>C：best explains the reason for the apparent discrepancy
分析：题目里提到了两个元素，一个是苹果的购买习惯不被改变，另一个是苹果的销售量下滑。这两个元素的关系是什么?前一是因，后一个是果，但是因却推不出果来，所以我们可以推测必定有另一个因能推出果。看完短篇，其实也能大概预测接下来的问题将会是什么。
3、选项分析：
A说很多食品杂货商从他们的货架上撤掉了苹果以证明他们对消费者健康的关心，对。原因：既然我们是为了找到一个能推出果的因，那么这一项作为因是合适的，把它放到原文里，可以发现很顺利地推出了销售量下滑的果。
B说因为这种食品安全警告数量的增加，三月份消费者对这种警告漠不关心，错。原因：显然不合适，消费者的漠不关心不能导致销售量的下滑，这和原文的消费习惯不被改变是一样的。
C说报告被发表在电视上，也出现在报纸上。错。原因：报告的频繁出现，应该导致的是相反的结果，即销售量不会下滑，因为报告的内容强调的是致癌物对消费者将产生很微小的影响
D说尽管防腐剂也被用于其他的水果，但是报道没有提到其他的水果含有Alar这种致癌物质，错。原因：其他水果是否含有致癌物质对苹果的销售量没有任何关系，不管是增加还是下降，所以这一项是无关选项。
E说公共健康官员不认为苹果会形成一种健康威胁，因为只有很微量的致癌物出现在受影响的苹果，错。原因：官员的看法和原文的消费习惯不被改变类似，应该推出的是和原文相反的结果，因此不对。
二、解释题例题二。
Plan: Concerned about the welfare of its senior citizens, the government of Runagia decided two years ago to increase by 20 percent the government-provided pension paid to all Runagians age sixty-five'and older.
Result: Many Runagian senior citizens are no better off financially now than they were before the increase.
Further information: The annual rate of inflation since the pension increase has been below 5 percent, and the increased pension has been duly received by all eligible Runagians.
In light of the further information, which of the following, if true, does most to explain the result that followed implementation of the plan?
A. The majority of senior citizens whose financial position has not improved rely entirelyon the government pension for their income.
B. The Runagian banking system is so inefficient that cashing a pension check can take as much as three weeks.
C. The prices of goods and services that meet the special needs of many senior citizens have increased at a rate much higherthan the rate of inflation.
D. The pension increase occurred at a time when the number of Runagians age sixty-five and older who were living below the poverty level was at an all-time high.
E. The most recent pension increase was only the second such increase in the last ten years.
1、题意：两年前，R政府决定把65岁以上老人的养老金上调20%，老年人财务上还不如以前了。每年通胀率低于5%，合格老人确实收到了增加的养老金。解释为什么老人们的经济条件未得到改善。
2、提干分析：
P1：the government-provided pension paid to all Runagians age sixty-five'and older.
P2：Many Runagian senior citizens are no better off financially now than they were before the increase.
P3：The annual rate of inflation since the pension increase has been below 5 percent, and the increased pension has been duly received by all eligible Runagians.
—>C：be inferred from the statement above? 推导类题目
分析：根据文章，我们可知最终发生的结果和政府实施该政策的目的相互矛盾， 具体来说就是： 一，65岁以上的老人养老金上涨20% 二，年平均通货膨胀在养老金上涨后，保持在5%以下 三， 所有符合资格的老人都获得了养老金 结果：虽然获得的养老金上涨20%，但老年人的经济条件却并没有得到改善。 根据前提和结论之间的关系，我们看出：年平均通货膨胀低于5%，并不代表专门供给老年人的产品和服务的通货膨胀也低于5%，如果老年人的产品和服务通货膨胀率高于30%，年平均通货膨胀可以低于5%，但对于老年人来说， 上涨的20%的养老金却并不能抵消老年产品30%的通货膨胀，正好解释文章中的矛盾。 由此我们判定选项为C。
3、选项分析：
4.其他选项：
A说完全依靠政府养老金生活的老年人，他们中的大部分人的经济状况都没有改善。把文章结论重复一遍， 并没有解释上述结果发生的原因，无关选项。
B说 Runagian国家的银行办事效率特别低， 兑换养老金需要三周时间。不管需要多少时间， 养老金的数目不变，依然无法解释上述结果发生的原因， 无关选项。
D说当65以上的老年人生活在贫困线的人数达到最高的时候， 养老金才上涨。无关选项，无论以前的生活是否在贫困线以下，养老金上升20%，经济状况依然会有改善， 无法解释文章的矛盾。
E说十年内第二次上涨养老金，无关选项。无法解释文章矛盾点：养老金上升20%，经济状况依然会有改善
三、解释题例题三。
Which of the following best completes the passage below?
In order to withstand tidal currents, juvenile horseshoe crabs frequently burrow in the sand. Such burrowing discourages barnacles from clinging to their shells. When fully grown, however, the crabs can readily withstand tidal currents without burrowing, and thus they acquire substantial populations of barnacles. Surprisingly, in areas where tidal currents are very weak, juvenile horseshoe crabs are found not to have significant barnacle populations, even though they seldom burrow.
Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the surprising finding?
A. Tidal currents do not themselves dislodge barnacles from the shells of horseshoe crabs.
B. Barnacles most readily attach themselves to horseshoe crabs in areas where tidal currents are weakest.
C. The strength of the tidal currents in a given location varies widely over the course of a day.
D. A very large barnacle population can significantly decrease the ability of a horseshoe crab to find food.
E. Until they are fully grown, horseshoe crabs shed their shells and grow new ones several times a year.
1、题意：为了抵抗浪潮，这种螃蟹经常在沙子里面挖洞。挖洞使得依附于carb的barnacle 掉下去了(边挖洞就把B碰掉了)。当完全长大的时候，螃蟹就不用靠挖洞抵御浪潮了。因此这些螃蟹获得了很多barnacle。然而令人惊奇的是：在浪潮比较弱的地方，这些螃蟹并没有获得额外多的barnacle，尽管这些螃蟹很少挖洞。
2、提干分析：
P1：juvenile horseshoe crabs frequently burrow in the sand. Such burrowing discourages barnacles from clinging to their shells.
P2：When fully grown, however, the crabs can readily withstand tidal currents without burrowing, and thus they acquire substantial populations of barnacles.
P3：in areas where tidal currents are very weak, juvenile horseshoe crabs are found not to have significant barnacle populations, even though they seldom burrow.
—>C：Which of the following most helps to explain the surprising finding?
3、选项分析：
A 说潮水本身不会减少B，这个意味着是多挖洞才让B减少，题目的矛盾是为什么少挖洞 B少 不符合。
B说这种B会依附在螃蟹上经常发生在潮水最弱的地方 矛盾问的是为什么潮水少，少挖洞， B少，没有回答问题。
C 说潮水的力量在一天内会变化，无关。
D说大量的B能够降低螃蟹找食物的能力，无关。
E说在他们长大钱，螃蟹会shell and grow new shells several times a year。所以换壳的时候B也一起去掉了。
四、解释题例题四。
When there is less rainfall than normal, the water level of Australian rivers falls and the rivers flow more slowly. Because algae whose habitat is river water grow best in slow-moving water, the amount of algae per unit of water generally increases when there has been little rain. By contrast, however, following a period of extreme drought, algae levels are low even in very slow-moving river water.
Which of the following, if true, does most to explain the contrast described above?
A. During periods of extreme drought, the populations of some of the species that feed on algae tend to fall.
B. The more slowly water moves, the more conducive its temperature is to the growth of algae.
C. When algae populations reach very high levels, conditions within the river can become toxic for some of the other species that normally live there.
D. Australian rivers dry up completely for short intervals in periods of extreme drought.
E. Except during periods of extreme drought, algae levels tend to be higher in rivers in which the flow has been controlled by damming than in rivers that flow freely.
1、题意：雨量减少→水位下降→水流变缓→藻类生长增加;大旱的时候，即使水流很缓慢，藻类增长也会很低。问题：解释对比的观点?
2、提干分析：
P1：Because algae whose habitat is river water grow best in slow-moving water, the amount of algae per unit of water generally increases when there has been little rain.
P2：By contrast, however, following a period of extreme drought, algae levels are low even in very slow-moving river water.
—>C：does most to explain the contrast described above ?
3、选项分析：
A说极度干旱时，algae的捕食者数量减少了，相反，更不能解释现象。
B说水流变缓有助于algae生长，原文中已经说明了不能解释现象。
C说当algae数量很多时，对其他生物有害 无关，不能解释现象。
D说在极度干旱时，河流水会时常干涸。
E说有大坝的和水流自由的河中的对比，不能解释现象。
五、解释题例题五。
In the country of Veltria, the past two years’ broad economic recession has included a business downturn in the clothing trade, where sales are down by about 7 percent as compared to two years ago. Clothing wholesalers have found, however, that the proportion of credit extended to retailers that was paid off on time fell sharply in the first year of the recession but returned to its prerecession level in the second year.
Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the change between the first and the second year of the recession in the proportion of credit not paid off on time?
A. The total amount of credit extended to retailers by clothing wholesalers increased between the first year of the recession and the second year.
B. Between the first and second years of the recession, clothing retailers in Veltria saw many of their costs, rent and utilities in particular, increase.
C. Of the considerable number of clothing retailers in Veltria who were having financial difficulties before the start of the recession, virtually all were forced to go out of business during its first year.
D. Clothing retailers in Veltria attempted to stimulate sales in the second year of the recession by discounting merchandise.
E. Relatively recession-proof segments of the clothing trade, such as work clothes, did not suffer any decrease in sales during the first year of the recession.
1、题意：在过去两年中，V国的各行各业遭受了大范围的经济衰退，如其服装业的销售额比两年前下降了7%。然而，服装批发商发现，零售商赊账后按时还款者的比例只在第一年有明显下降，在第二年中却增长到了衰退前的水平。
2、提干分析：
P1：the past two years’ broad economic recession has included a business downturn in the clothing trade, where sales are down by about 7 percent as compared to two years ago.
P2：Clothing wholesalers have found, however, that the proportion of credit extended to retailers that was paid off on time fell sharply in the first year of the recession but returned to its prerecession level in the second year.
—>C：explain the change between the first and the second year of the recession in the proportion of credit not paid off on time?
3、选项分析：
A的意思是贷款比例的分母变大了，但是由于衰退，分子(还不起钱的人)也可以变大，所以无法解释现象。
B 要解释为何经济衰退的第二年还款者比例上升。B只提供了第一年的状况。
C的意思是，许多衰退前就爱赊账的零售商第一年都倒闭了，因为第二年就不计算他们了，比例自然就回升了.
D 这个计划可以是失败的。
E 谈论的对象错误，其实是无关选项，C解释的更为直接。
习题练习：
Which of the following most logically completes the argument?
Ferber's syndrome, a viral disease that frequently affects cattle, is transmitted to these animals through infected feed. Even though chickens commercially raised for meat are often fed the type of feed identified as the source of infection in cattle, Ferber's syndrome is only rarely observed in chickens.
This fact, however, does not indicate that most chickens are immune to the virus that causes Ferber's syndrome, since ________.
A. chickens and cattle are not the only kinds of farm animal that are typically fed the type of feed liable to be contaminated with the virus that causes Ferber's syndrome
B. Ferber's syndrome has been found in animals that have not been fed the type of feed liable to be contaminated with the virus that can cause the disease
C. resistance to some infectious organisms such as the virus that causes Ferber's syndrome can be acquired by exposure to a closely related infectious organism
D. chickens and cattle take more than a year to show symptoms of Ferber's syndrome, and chickens commercially raised for meat, unlike cattle, are generally brought to market during the first year of life
E. the type of feed liable to be infected with the virus that causes Ferber's syndrome generally constitutes a larger proportion of the diet of commercially raised chickens than of commercially raised cattle
例题解析：
1、解释题：题意：常发生在牛身上的F综合症是通过被感染食物传播的。虽然肉鸡也被喂这种被感染食物，但F综合症在肉鸡中间很少观察到。但是，这并不能说明肉鸡对F病毒有免疫，因为________。
2、解释结论或现象：解释说明肉鸡不能对F病毒免疫的原因。
3、正确项：选项四。F综合症在鸡和牛身上表现出来需要一年多的时间，而鸡一年内就被卖了。即鸡在显示出症状前已经被送去市场了。
4、其他选项：
选项一：被喂食含F病毒的饲料动物不仅仅是肉鸡和牛。为找到牛与鸡的区别点，无关项。
选项二：在没有被喂食含F病毒饲料的动物中，仍然发现了F综合症。不能解释为什么肉鸡不能对F病毒免疫。
选项三：对感染性病毒(如F病毒)的抵抗性可以通过暴露在相关病毒中来获得。支持鸡可能免疫。
选项五：鸡饲料中被F病毒感染的比例大于牛饲料。无关项。
拓展阅读：
1、定义。
解释题，就是选出正确选项能够解释文章中给出的现象或者矛盾。解释题在逻辑题目中考察的比例有所增加，其重要性日渐凸显，同学们应该给予足够的重视。
2、标志词。
标志词：explain, contribute most to an explanation, reconcile etc.
3、典型问法。
Which of the following, if true, would help resolve the apparent paradox presented above?
Which of the following statements, if true, would best explain the 1984 decrease in productivity?
Which of the following, if true, best explains the sharp rise in the average price of new houses?
您还可能关注：
