今天分享的GMAT逻辑Bible中英对照第十章的内容依旧是讲逻辑题型，涉及到两类题型，分别是Method of Reasoning 和 Flaw in the Reasoning Question，这两类题型是什么，希望通过下面的讲解，大家能够增加认识。
Chapter 10 Method of Reasoning & Flaw in the Reasoning Question
Method of Reasoning： 37,54,85,86
Flaw in the Reasoning： 3,4,19,52,63.105,
Method of Reasoning questions
Method of Reasoning questions require you to select the answer choice that best describes the method used by the author to make the argument. Structurally, Method of Reasoning questions are simply abstract Must Be True questions: instead of identifying the facts of the argument, you must identify the logic organization of the argument.
Method of Reasoning / Flaw in Reasoning是Must Be True的一种抽象形式。
一个method reasoning问题 的stimulus 将会包含一个论述，这个论述可以是有效的，也可以是无效的。
Nature of Method of Reasoning
1. 你只能使用stimulus中的信息去证明选项
2. 任何描述stimulus之外的信息的选项 都是不对的。
Flaw in the Reasoning questions
Flaw in the Reasoning questions are exactly the same as Method of Reasoning questions with the important exception that the question stem indicates that the reasoning stem indicates that the reasoning in the stimulus is flawed.
题干一定包含一个错误推理
To indentify the right answer choice, carefully consider the reasoning used in the stimulus. The correct answer will identify the error in the author’s reasoning and then describe that error in general terms. Beware of answers that describe a portion of the stimulus but fail to identify the error in the reasoning.
去辨别正确选项，仔细考虑在stimulus中的推理。正确选项将会识别作者的推理错误，并且描述这个错误通常使用术语。
千万小心那个描述stimulus的部分内容，但是没有识别推理错误的选项。
**做到Method and Flaw 题目是高分的表现
Prehasing in Method& Flaw Questions
When prephasing in Method and Flaw questions, you may understand the details of the stimulus but not understand the structure of the argument. Thus, each answer may sound implausible since they are related primarily to the logical construction of the argument. Therefore, you must think about the structure of the argument before examining the answer choices.
在读选项之前仔细思考这个论述的结构。难在表达抽象。在看选项之前，要先对原文的推理结构有一个大致概念。然后分别检查每个选项是否符合此概念。检查的唯一方法是到原文中找相应内容。如果原文中找不到相对应之处，则排除。
The Fact Test in Method& Flaw Questions
Fact Test: If an answer choice describes an event that did not occur in the stimulus, then the answer is incorrect.
如果一个选项描述了一个 在stimulus中没有发生的 事件，那么他是错的
The test maker will try to entice you by creating incorrect answer choices that contain elements that did not occur, and you must avoid those answers and select the answer choice that describes what occurred in the stimulus.
Watch out for answers that are partially true- that is, answers that contain a description of something that happened in the argument but that also contain additional things that did not occur.
小心那些 部分是对的 ，但还包含一些 在stimulus中没有发生的附加信息 的选项。
比如选项是： the author disagrees with the analogy used by a critic
那么你就要去找 disagreement 和analogy ，如果只找到一个或者都没找到，那么这个选项是错的。
NOTE:
识别论述的结构是非常重要的，所以需要看 前提和结论的标志词，去找出前提和结论。这有助于你去 识别结构 ，并且去理解选项
Incorrect Answers in Method and Flaw Questions
错误选项类型
①”New” Element Answers 新信息选项
Because correct Method of Reasoning answers must be based on elements of the stimulus, an answer that describes something that did not occur or describes an element new to the argument cannot be correct. All of the wrong answer choices described below are simply very specific variations on the theme.
一个描述在stimulus中没发生的，或者描述一个元素对于这个argument来说是新的， 这样一个选项 是错的。 所有的错误答案 都是在这个主题下的变种
②Half right, Half wrong Answers半对办错的选项
The rule for these answers is that half wrong equals all wrong.
半对半错，前半部分与stimulus有关而结尾处则出现无关或者的信息错误。
一半错等于全错。
③Exaggerated Answers扩大或夸张描述原文信息
Exaggerated Answers state a situation from the stimulus and stretch that situation to make an extreme statement that is not supported by the stimulus. Be careful, though! Just because an answer choice contains extreme language does not mean that the answer is incorrect.
夸大的选项就是用 原文中的一个 论点，延伸出了一个情况 去推出了一个更极端的论点，这个论点是不被stimilus所支持的。
但注意，如果仅仅是因为有 极端的语言，不能说明他是个错误选项
④The Opposite Answer
与原文描述相反
⑤The Reversed Answer
调换原文信息位置
这个选项是比较具有吸引力的，他包含了原文中相似的元素，只不过调换了位置，但是它却没有描述原文发生的事情，所以是错的
**复习建议：把所有做过的Method and Flaw题目挑出来，仔细读选项是如何用抽象的语言描述的，熟悉英文的抽象表达。
GMAT会让你付出代价，如果你企图遮掩stimulus中的部分信息
Method of Reasoning- Bolded Argument Part Questions
Method-AP Stimulus Structure
The stimuli that accompany Method-AP Questions tend to be more complex than the average GMAT stimulus. Some problems feature two conclusions (one is the main conclusion, the other is a subsidiary conclusion), and often the stimulus includes two different viewpoints or the use of counter-premises. Thus, the ability to identify argument parts using indicator words is important.
结论也会出现在句首，因为GMAC知道学生识别在句尾的结论的能力是非常强的
A Common Wrong Answer
One trick used by the test makers in Method-AP questions is to create wrong answers that describe parts of the argument other than the part named in the question stem. These answers are particularly attractive because they do describe a part of the argument, just not the part referenced in the question stem. Before proceeding the answer choices, make sure you know exactly what parts of the argument you are being asked about.
通常是错误的答案： 一个选项除了描述题干的部分还描述了论述的部分，这些答案是非常吸引人的，因为他们确实描述了 论述的部分，不同于题干的部分。在处理选项之前，确保你已经准确的知道你将会被问道关于这个论述的哪个部分
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