GMAT逻辑Bible第十一章为大家介绍了Parallel Reasoning Questions，这种题型主要考察了一种并列的关系，具体是怎样分析和解题的呢，读完下面的内容相信大家就了解了。
Chapter 11 Parallel Reasoning Questions
Parallel Reasoning Question
Parallel Reasoning question ask you to identify the answer choice that contains reasoning most similar in structure to the reasoning in the stimulus.
可以包含一个有效的或 无效的推理
Parallel Flaw Questions
The stimulus for a parallel reasoning question can contain either valid or invalid reasoning. When a parallel reasoning stimulus contains flawed reasoning, we identify it as a Parallel Flaw question. Like Flaw in the Reasoning questions, Parallel Flaw questions use many of the common forms of erroneous reasoning.
Solving Parallel Reasoning Questions
First, let us examine the elements of an argument that do not need to be paralleled in these questions:
不需要平行的元素：
1. Topic of the stimulus
原文的topic或subject matter与正确答案的往往不同。假如选项中出现与原文topic一样的，那么基本上是错误选项。 相同的topic是用来吸引那些没有专注于推理的孩子
2. The order of presentation of the premises and conclusion in the stimulus
原文中前提与结论的出现顺序不一定 与 选项中的顺序一致。
也就是说不要刻意的去找那个出现顺序一样的选项，因为顺序不会影响到潜在的推理。
Now, let’s look at the elements that must be paralleled, and how to use these elements to eliminate wrong answer choices:
必须平行的元素：
1. The Method of Reasoning
因果推理 对因果推理 条件推理对条件推理
首先最重要的是，当你识别出了stimulus中的推理方式 时，立刻去攻击下面的选项，并且选择一个有 相似推理方式的选项
2. The Validity of the Argument
有效的推理 必须 配对 有效的推理
如果stimulus中的推理是有效的，那么迅速消除 选项中无效的推理
反之成立。
3. The Conclusion
First, answers that have identical wording to the conclusion are Contenders. Identical wording for our purposes means answers where the controlling modifier (such as must, could, many, some, never) are the same. For example, if the conclusion of the argument sated “The reactor can supply the city power grid,” an answer that had similar wording, such as “The bank can meet the need of customers” would be a Contender. In brief, the advice in this paragraph is fairly simple: if the conclusion in the answer choice has similar wording to the conclusion in the stimulus, then the answer is possibly correct.
**原文当中结论中出现绝对化词如”must, never, always” 或表示观点的词如”should”， 或表示”条件”的词时，正确选项中也必须一致
Will surely =must 不是长的不一样就是错的，要看那个可能性的程度是不是一样
这个方法可以帮你缩小正确答案的范围，如果这些词有对应，那么选项有可能正确
Second, because there are many synonyms available for the test makers to use, do not eliminate answers just because the wording is not identical. For example, an answer could state “The majority of voters endorsed the amendment.” The quantity indicator in the sentence- “majority”- has several synonyms, such as “most” and “more than half.” Make sure that when you examine each sentence you do not eliminate an answer that has wording that is functionally identical to wording in the stimulus.
因为有很多同义词可以使用，所以不要消除那些仅仅是因为措辞不一样的选项。
确保当你检测每个句子的时候，不会消除那个措辞和stimulus的措辞功能相同的选项
**选项当中出现与原文结论中的修饰/限定性词相同的词越多，正确的可能越大
**选项当中出现原文中某些词的近义词也视为相同的词，越多正确性越高
Third, remember that the English language has many pairs of natural opposites, so the presence of a negative term in the stimulus is not grounds for dismissing the answer when the stimulus has positive language (and vice versa). For example, a conclusion could state, “council member must be present at the meeting.” That conclusion can just as easily have been worded as, “The council member must not be absent from the meeting.” In the same way, an answer choice can use opposite language (including negatives) but still have a meaning that is similar to the stimulus.
如果stimulus是 肯定的语态， 你不能排除一个使用 否定语态的选项。
因为 他们可以表达相同的意思
“council member must be present at the meeting.”
The council member must not be absent from the meeting.”
4. The premise
Like the conclusion, the premises in the correct answer choice must match the premises in the stimulus, and the same wording rules that were discussed in The Conclusion section apply to the premises.
Matching premises is a step to take after you have checked the conclusion, unless you notice that one (or more) of the premises has unusual role in the argument. If so, you can immediately look at the answer choices and compare premises.
在结论中的方法 前提中也适用。
一般来说，先通过配对conclusion筛选，再看premise筛选。但如果premise有不一般的特征，则可直接先看premise
In Parallel Reasoning questions, your job is to identify the features of the argument most likely to be “points of separation”- those features that can be used to divide answers into Losers and Contenders. Sometimes matching the conclusion will knock out several choices, other times matching the premises will achieve that same aim. The follow list outlines the four tests you can use to evaluate answers, in rough order of their usefulness:
1. Match the Method of Reasoning
如果你识别了一个明显的推理形式，比如类比，条件，因果，循环，那么马上去选项中找
2. Match the Conclusion
如果你没有办法识别 推理的形式，或者识别后还有 几个选项不能排除，或者结论就、有非同寻常的次出现的时候 ， 你应该迅速的使用 配对结论的方法。
配对结论的方法是非常省时的，因为他经常会消除一个或多个选项， 但 有很特殊的情况，五个选项都不能被消除。这时 就告诉你只能用其他的方法
配对结论法的关键就是 迅速找出结论， 在第二张，好好看
3. Match the Premises
论述越复杂， 越有可能使你需要用配对前提法去选择正确答案。
论述越简单，配对结论法往往更有效。
4. Match the Validity of the Argument
所消除的选项一定是 有效性和 stimulus 不匹配的，这个方法很少能排出四个选项。
若以上四个方法都不奏效，那么需要通过抽象化原文的推理，来一一检验选项(也需要将选项进行抽象化提炼)
选择以上五种方法中的哪一种，关键是看原文特征是否符合五种筛选条件之一或几个!
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