In1995 Maurice Duverger published The Political Role of Women, the first behaviotalist, multinational comparison of women’s electoral participation ever to use election data and survey data together. His study analyzed women’s patterns of voting, political candidacy, and political activism in four European countries during the first half of the twentieth century. Duverger’s research findings were that women voted somewhat less frequently than men (the difference narrowing the longer women had the vote) and were slightly more conservative.
Duverger’s work set an early standard for the sensitive analysis of women’s electoral activities. Moreover, to Duverger’s credit, he placed his findings in the context of many of the historical processes that had shaped these activities. However, since these contexts have changed over time, Duverger’s approach has proved more durable than his actual findings. In addition, Duverger’s discussion of his findings was hampered by his failure to consider certain specific factors important to women’s electoral participation at the time he collected his data: the influence of political regimes, the effects of political and social relations between women and men. Given this failure, Duverger’s study foreshadowed the enduring limitations of the behavioralist approach to the multinational study of women’s political participation.
1995，Maurice Duverger 出版了《女性的政治角色》，作为第一部行为主义著作，这部书中首次将选举数据和调查数据并用，对女性参与选举的情况进行了多国对比。Maurice Duverger 在研究中分析了20世纪上半叶欧洲四国女性的选举形势，候选资格和政治积极性。
研究结果表明，有时女性参加选举的频率低于男性(而女性参选时间越长，这一差别越小)并且比男性稍微保守些。
Duverger的著作为细致分析女性选举行为创建了早期标准。此外，他将调查研究的背景置于影响女性选举活动发展的历史进程中，这也是值得称赞的。但是，因为这些背景是随时间变化的，所以Duverger的方法比他的研究结果更持久可靠。此外，Duverger对其研究结果的进一步讨论收到了阻碍，因为他在收集数据时没有考虑到对女性参与选举有重要影响的某些特殊因素，比如国家政体，经济因素，女性和男性间的政治社会关系。由此，Duverger的研究预示了行为主义者对女性参与政治的跨国研究所具有的局限将持续下去。
