GMAT语法中的代词指代问题解析，首先看一下例题：
1、Many entomologists say that campaigns to eradicate the fire ant in the United States have failed because the chemicals that were used were effective only in wiping out the ant's natural enemies, which made it easier for them to spread.
A. which made it easier for them
B. which makes it easier for it
C. thus making it easier for them
D. thus making it easier for the ant
E. thereby, it was made easier for the ant
题干结构：many entomologists say that campaigns....have failed because........
语义理解：许多昆虫学家认为，在美国去除火蚁的行动已经失败了，因为化学药剂只对火蚁的天敌有消灭作用，因此使得火蚁繁殖得更快。
做题步骤分析：①找划线部分them的先行词，有entomologists，campaigns，chemicals等多个复数名词;②结合语义，发现前述的三个复数名词都不合适，them想指代的是ants，但却没有出现ants，因此此处them无所指代。
选项分析：
A.them无所指代，用法错误
B.第二个it有与makes it 中的it这个to spread的形式宾语表示同一意思的歧义，
C.同A
D.正确
E.it此处想要指代because引导的原因从句，但it不能指代从句或句子
引申：it的用法只有三种：1、特指句子中出现的某个单数或不可数的名词，但不可以特指前面出现的整个句子
2、形式主语或形式宾语：It is +adj + to do/ that
3、强调句：It is + 被强调部分+ that/who
the ant’s natural enemies，中的the ant不可以作为代词的先行词，因为the ant’s是个整体，在修饰后卖弄的enemies，中心词为enemies
2、The results of the company’s cost- cutting measures are evident in its profits, which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell over the last two years.
A.which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell
B.which had increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it had fallen
C.which have increased five percent during the first three months of this year after falling
D.with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after falling
E.with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after having fallen
题干结构：the results of ..........are evident
语义理解：这个公司成本削减的手段对利润的影响是非常明显的，它的利润经过两年的下降后在今年前三个月已经增长了5%。
做题步骤分析：①首先寻找划线部分it的先行词，发行没有先行词，因为前面都是复数名词;②结合语义，此处想要表达的是利润下降，因此it使用多余且不正确
选项分析：
A.it与先行词单复数不一致，使用错误
B.同A
C.正确
D.
E.
引申思考：如果此处把it换成they对吗？
答：即使换成they在这里也不正确，做主语的代词优先指代前面主语，they在优先指代the results，显然逻辑语义不对。
通过上述两道试题的解析，相信大家对GMAT语法中的代词指代问题有个更深入的了解，简单易懂，但是要想真正的掌握还需要反复的练习和总结。
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