独立主格结构是由一个名词或代词(作为该短语结构的逻辑主语)，加上一个分词、形容词、副词、 动词不定式或介词短语(作为该短语结构的逻辑谓语)构成。今天我们就说一下GMAT语法独立主格用法全解，希望大家顺利备考GMAT语法考试。
独立主格用法全解
1. 独立主格结构做伴随状语：独立主格结构是由一个名词或代词(作为该短语结构的逻辑主语)，加上一个分词、形容词、副词、 动词不定式或介词短语(作为该短语结构的逻辑谓语)构成.
独立主格结构放在句首或句尾，起状语作用，表伴随原因﹑条件﹑状态等
1)一般独立主格,与主句形成松散的逻辑关系，与主句描述动作、状态同时发生或存在，形式为:
n.+ n.; n. + -ed/ing 形式; n. + 介词短语;n. +形容词短语
2)with 型独立主格,与主句形成紧密的逻辑联系,形式为:
由“with+宾语+宾补”构成的复合结构，在句中可作状语，表示伴随，修饰邻近分句主语，with后面宾语为与主语相关的东西。这一结构中的宾语补足语 可由现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词或介词短语等来充当。
例：Visitors to the park have often looked into the leafy canopy and seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging like socks on a clothesline.
3)each型独立主格,强调句尾名词,形式为:
句子 + 复数名词结尾, each + 介词短语/形容词短语/-ed形式/-ing 形式。
注意点：独立主格并不包括“with + n. + 定语从句”和“n. + 定语从句”的形式，这个形式做的是非限定性修饰前面名词的定语，因为这个形式就相当于n, with + n.，或者是n., n. + that概括性同位语。
2. 同位语与独立主格最主要的区别在于：同位语描述的是事物的具体内容、特征，是一种解释;独立主格则是表示一种伴随状态，描述与所描述分句同步发生的事情。
【独立主格范例】
Usually (but not always, as we shall see), an absolute phrase (also called a nominative absolute) is a group of words consisting of a noun or pronoun and a participle as well as any related modifiers. Absolute phrases do not directly connect to or modify any specific word in the rest of the sentence; instead, they modify the entire sentence, adding information. They are always treated as parenthetical elements and are set off from the rest of the sentence with a comma or a pair of commas (sometimes by a dash or pair of dashes). Notice that absolute phrases contain a subject (which is often modified by a participle), but not a true finite verb.
· Their reputation as winners secured by victory, the New York Liberty charged into the semifinals. (charge into 猛攻入)
· The season nearly finished, Rebecca Lobo and Sophie Witherspoon emerged as true leaders.
· The two superstars signed autographs into the night, their faces beaming happily.
When the participle of an absolute phrase is a form of to be, such as being or having been, the participle is often left out but understood.
· The season [being] over, they were mobbed by fans in Times Square.
· [Having been] Stars all their adult lives, they seemed used to the attention.
Another kind of absolute phrase is found after a modified noun; it adds a focusing detail or point of focus to the idea of the main clause. This kind of absolute phrase can take the form of a prepositional phrase, an adjective phrase, or a noun phrase.
· The old firefighter stood over the smoking ruins, his senses alert to any sign of another flare-up.
· His subordinates, their faces sweat-streaked and smudged with ash, leaned heavily against the firetruck.
· They knew all too well how all their hard work could be undone — in an instant.
It is not unusual for the information supplied in the absolute phrase to be the most important element in the sentence. In fact, in descriptive prose, the telling details will often be wrapped into a sentence in the form of an absolute phrase:
· Coach Nykesha strolled onto the court, her arms akimbo and a large silver whistle clenched between her teeth.
· The new recruits stood in one corner of the gym, their uniforms stiff and ill fitting, their faces betraying their anxiety.
A noun phrase can also exist as an absolute phrase: (GMAT中暂未出现此现象)
· Your best friends, where are they now, when you need them?
· And then there was my best friend Sally — the dear girl — who has certainly fallen on hard times.
It might be useful to review the material on Misplaced Modifiers because it is important not to confuse an absolute phrase with a misplaced modifier.
关于GMAT语法独立主格用法全解的内容我们就介绍这么多，希望考生能够掌握，通过不断练习了解GMAT语法考试备考经验，顺利备考GMAT考试。最后祝愿大家都能取得理想成绩，最后梦圆名校。
您还可能关注：
