第一段:开头段。主要是归纳论点,说明论点有问题,存在逻辑漏洞,准备发起进攻。
第一层:
This argument concludes/recommends/argues that…
第二层:
To support this conclusion the writer cites…/points out that…
第三层:
However, this argument suffers from several critical flaws and is therefore unconvincing/ unpersuasive as it stands.
第二段和第三段甚至第四段:分类别去攻击各个逻辑错误。(以因果关系类错误为例)
One problem with the argument is that, the editorial observes a correlation between… and …, then concludes that the former is the cause of the latter. However, the editorial fails to rule out other possible explanations for…For example, … Any of these factors, or other social, political or economic factors, might lead to…Without ruling out all other such factors it is unfair to conclude that…
第五段:结尾段。
作者的结论似乎是合理的,但是通过论证,不是这样的。因此作者在做出决定之前,应该还要考虑其他情况。我们通过一篇文章作为实例来介绍Argument的论证步骤和论证方法以及文章结构。
In the final analysis, the letter's author fails to adequately support the recommendation that…To bolster the argument, the arguer must provide detailed demographic/statistical evidence showing that…The author must also provide evidence--perhaps by way of a reliable survey—that…

