在同学们备考雅思听力的过程中,往往会忽略一些小词,殊不知,这些小词看似不起眼,其实很有分量,今天,前程百利的小编就为大家浅析雅思听力中的and与but,希望对大家的雅思听力备考有所帮助。
一、and
PART 1 — 重要性
并列和顺接
第一个印入我们眼帘的就是and。这个词语我们在刚接触到英语的时候我们就认识了。and主要是表并列和顺接关系。这个词语广泛用于各种英语的句子中。
如:并列:... However, after the axe had been chipped into shape, they neededwater and sand for grinding and polishing ...(剑6 Test3 Section4后面缩写为:6-3-4)
顺接:... You pay a £250 joining fee and then it's £450 ... (6-1-1)
两个意思之间的连接必须用and;句子之间的顺接也可以用and;某些表示条件、结果甚至是某些因果都可以用and。
同义互换
雅思最重要的一个现象就是同意互换(paraphrase),尤其在听力过程中,为了增加难度许多词语并不会出现原词。那么我们来看看and会如何做同意互换呢。
1. It is possible to hire _______ and _______.
Audio Scripts: And you can hire laptops ... as well as printers ...(6-1-3)
2. Cardboard, coloured pens and a _______.
Audio Scripts: ... and coloured each one in using different colours, thenyou thread a piece of string ... So we'd need some string as well. (4-4-3)
当然and还可以转换为together with, not only ... but also...等等,但是无论怎么互换最后换到的词语都比and复杂,这个实际上变相的降低了听力的难度,因此在许多情况下,当试卷上出现and时,在听力中并不会做互换。换句话说,如果在试卷上看到了and,并且要填写的答案在and周围的话,我们就可以刻意去听and,这样答案也就出来了。
E.G.: Float dropped into ocean and _______by satellite.
Audio Scripts: Each of the floats is dropped in the ocean ... and activatedfrom a satellite. (7-3-3)
通过这个题目我们可以注意到,我们在填对这个答案的时候几乎都可以不用知道float,satellite甚至是答案activated的意思,只需要将and后面的动词写下来就可以了。这个大大增加了and这个词语的重要性。
E.G.: Swimming aids: fins and ______.
Audio Scripts: ... sharks are very quick swimmers. This is made possible bytheir fins, one set at the side ..., and the tail also help the shark moveforward quickly. (4-4-4)
我们发现在fins的后面加了一句解释的话,在听力过程中往往会导致听漏,但是后面出现的and就是非常好的而定位点。
PART 2 — 两大难点
语音难点
那么既然and这么重要,在我们听力中会有什么问题呢?首先,提醒考生们要注意,and这个词语本身并不是说话的重点,因此在说话的过程中,这个词语并不会完全读成/?nd/而会弱化成/?nd/;其次,由于and是爆破音/d/结尾,当后面的单词由辅音开头的时候还会继续爆破,此时and仅仅读作/?n/;再次and是元音开头,若前面一个单词是辅音结尾,还会产生连读,更加增加了这个词被听出来的情况。
E.G.: Highlights: music and ______.
Audio Scripts: ... but the best part is the music and lighting. (4-3-2)
这边的and弱化了,但是还是能听出在music后面有一个/n/。
E.G.: ... because it had water, raw materials and fuels such as ______ and______.
Audio Scripts: The water and the availability of raw materials ... and alsothe abundance of local fuels, like coal and firewood, ... (4-1-2)
此题可以通过fuels来定位,同时like和such as做同义词互换,也就是正确答案就是后面的并列关系的名词,但是此题的难点就是coal andfirewood被读作/k?ul?n fаi?wud/,这样就导致无法听出正确答案了。
速记难点
当and连接的2个词语都要写出来的时候,不仅语音上面有难度,在速记上的要求也提高了。
E.G.: Site One: Problems with _______ and _______.
Audio Scripts: Site One was unpopular because of traffic and parkingproblems. (4-3-4)
New technology allowed the production of goods made of ______ and______.
Audio Scripts: The technology they introduced meant that metal and leathergoods were produced there for the first time. (6-1-4)
这两个例子都能看出来通过and定位很容易能找到答案,但是需要写的两个词语出现比较快,而且由于and的弱化,以及句子中的倒置,更加增加了填写的难度。
PART 3 — 注意事项
虽然and本身读音为/And/,在句子中弱化的读音却是/An/不会由于爆破而读成/An/,因此我们在听力过程中不要听错。
E.G. Video Presentation: Go to _______
Audio Script: ... Now, after the break we'll be moving a different locationfor a video presentation ... and there you will be shown a video ... calledSafety at Work.
此题的答案是Safety at Work这个地方读作/seifti ? w?:k/。这边的答案一定要注意不是safety andwork/seifti ?n w?:k/,虽然两个读音极像。
总的来说,我们可以发现,大部分在试卷上出现的and都会在文字答案中读出,尤其是需要填写的是两个答案是由and连接的时候,但是由于and本身的原因,在听力中较难听到,因此建议考生们在练习中需重点注意and的弱读,以及当and和别的词汇连读时产生的问题。
二、but
重要性
转折
But在雅思考试句子中的出现频率非常高,在大多数情况下用作并列连词连接,连接两个并列的分句或两个并列的成分,在意思上BUT表示转折,翻译为“但是”,“可是”。如:
A real find for our patients has been the shock-absorbing shoe insert. Acheap but very effective solution. (剑3 Test1 Section4后面缩写为:3-1-4)
Sometimes there's simple fix such as changing the guy at the top. ... But amore ambitious approach ... would be to alter ... (5-4-3)
这边表示的是含义的转折,说话的侧重点往往是放在BUT的后面。因此往往会是听力中的考点,我们需要在雅思听力过程中留意去听取。
What does Karin think the company will do?
A. Look for private investors
B. Accept a takeover offer
C. Issue some new shares
Audio Scripts: ... They have the choice of accepting the very favorableterms that another company ... have given them to buy them out. ... Or theycould ... offer some new shares if they wanted. But I ... expect they will starttrying to find individuals who'd be prepared to back them with some of thecapital they need. (5-4-3)
此题我们会发现A,B,C都有提及,并且都做了同义词互换,因此在雅思听力中有较大的负担。不过BUT的出现却能够帮助我们解题。这个词语后面就是答案,这样我们就很快的定位到了答案句。当然也可以通过排除法来做题,也就是but前面都是错的,排除B和C同样也能很快知道答案A。
还有一种情况是出现在固定短语not only ... but also ...中,这是一组关联并列连词,表示其所连接的成份在意义上后一项对前一项的补充和引申,但侧重点在后一项上,意思是“不但……而且……”。如,
Not only is he interested in the subject but also all his students arebeginning to show interested in it.
有时候,but和also可以被分隔使用,如:
Of course they bring different ideas, but it's also their attitudes ...(7-1-3)
个别时候甚至可以将also省略,不过意思还是一样的
During times of change they should be thinking not only about the strain ontheir staff but take time out to think of themselves. (7-1-3)
此时意义类似于and,因此前后两句都很重要,都有可能是考点,需要同等注意。
同义互换
BUT往往不会在试卷上出现,因此我们不需要过分关注它与其他词语之间的互换。但是同样表示转折的词语却有不少,同样也是我们需要关注的。
However:
Videos, however, are ideal for use with everyone present in the class...(2-3-3)
Whereas:
Asiatic lions also have a long fold of skin on the undersides, whereas notmany African lions have this. (6-4-4)
Nevertheless:
Nevertheless, when you start out and particularly when you're going for aninterview, it's important not to confuse people ...(IELTS plus Test 3 Section4)
这些词语虽然都表示转折的意思,但是相对于but来说都属于生难词汇,尤其是在听力过程中,往往无法能够听懂这些词语;另外由于这些词语都较长并且一般后面都会有一定的停顿时间,在听力中听到并不难。因此在听力过程中出现频率并不是很高。
难点
语音难点
既然BUT这么重要,并且出现频率也很高,那么在听力过程中会有什么问题呢?分析发现,首先,和AND一样,BUT本身只是连词,并不是说话的重点,因此在说话的过程中,这个词语并不会完全读成/b^t/,而是会弱化为/b?t/;其次,由于BUT是由爆破音/t/结尾,因此如果后面的词是辅音这个词语就会爆破,此时BUT仅仅读作/b?/。这样远远加大了听出这个词语的可能性,自然也很难能定位到后面的重要的话。
Testing and evaluation
Quick feedback from oral presentation.
Marking criteria for oral presentations known in advance.
Too much ______
Audio Scripts:... at lease we've done the oral presentation ... I got myfeedback really quickly ... We knew the criteria ... but I'm not so sure aboutthe written work. One thing I think is that there's just too much, it's reallystressful. (5-3-3)
此题有相当难度,因为空前的too much是在很后面才出现,听到了这个词语时答案已经不知所踪了。此题可以通过前面几句的名词oralpresentation, feedback,criteria来定位,然后BUT的出现也就预示了答案的到来。但是这个题目中BUT读的非常弱,非常容易听漏。
总的来说,提醒考生们,在表示转折的连词中BUT的出现频率是最高的,而且BUT之后往往是非常重要的语句,也就是答案句所在。要注意的是BUT会弱读,需要重点练习对这个词语的敏感度。
以上就是前程百利雅思小编为大家整理的雅思听力中的and与but的全部内容,非常实用,希望对大家的雅思备考有所帮助。更多资讯、资料尽在前程百利雅思网站,您也可以直接拨打服务热线400-890-6000,我们有最专业的雅思专家为您详细解答。最后,雅思小编预祝大家在雅思考试中取得好成绩!
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