雅思听力考试的题型种类多样，题目涉及面广。要突破听力高分，首先就要从出题者的思路入手来看整个命题原则。雅思听力的出题方向多是朝着应用和实践，通过细节题和交际运用来具体表现的。但这些细节的选择和应用也并非没有章法，它们有相当多的“规律性”。这也就是本文中总结的考生必知的雅思听力两大出题原则，我们一起来寻找考题中的“共性”。
一、“列举”出题原则
雅思听力段落中，最具有规律性的出题暗示，就是列举或增补联系信号词句。一旦出现，就预示着下面的内容是对说明对象进行横向或纵向的分类介绍(或信息添加)。更重要的是，它们常常伴随着下一个考点的引出。
真题范例1：
原文录音：
CUSTOMER: Thanks. And are there lots of places to go to around here?
RAILPERSON:
Oh yes. You can enjoy many days out. Um there’s the Merthyr Mining Museum which is only half an hour from Trebirch by train. Your children will find it just as fascinating as any theme park and they can ride in the original miners’ lifts and on the coal trains. There are special excursion tickets which include entrance fees. Mainline trains also offer direct services to Bristol where you can visit the docks or spend a great day out with the children in the zoo which is set in the parkland that used to surround the old castle. Er special family a-way-day fares are available for this service now during the school holidays. Er alternatively you can be in Birmingham in only an hour and a half where there’s lots to see and do including the new and internationally -acclaimed climbing wall built on the site of the old aquarium. We will also be running a special service to Newport when the new science museum opens next year as we anticipate a lot of visitors in the opening weeks. I’d advise you to call early to book your tickets. Is that OK?
破题密码：题目： Which THREE attractions can you visit at present by train from Trebirch?
(如今可以从Trebirch坐火车到哪三个景点参观?)
第一条列举提示：Um there’s……
(那里有一个......)
RAILPERSON在一开始就提出Um there’s the Merthyr Mining Museum which is only half an hour from Trebirch by train.(坐火车从Trebirch只要半个小时就可以到Merthyr矿业博物馆)与题目对应，所以答案D正确。
第二条列举提示：also offer……
(同时也提供......)
RAILPERSON之后提到Mainline trains also offer direct services to Bristol where you can visit the docks or spend a great day out with the children in the zoo……(列车主要行线同时也提供直达列车到布里斯托，在那里你可以参观船坞，或花一整天和孩子们在动物园里玩耍......)和题目对应，所以答案G正确。
第三条列举提示：Er alternatively ……
(另一个选择是......)
RAILPERSON最后提到Er alternatively you can be in Birmingham in only an hour and a half where there’s lots to see and do including the new and internationally-acclaimed climbing wall built on the site of the old aquarium.
(另一个选择是，你可以只用一个半小时到达伯明翰，在那里，有很多可以观赏和参加的，包括建在旧水族馆地点的新国际化的攀岩。)和题目对应，所以答案C正确。
本题答案：C、D、G。
真题范例2：
原文录音：Woman: We do have a keep-fit studio which is very popular with members and then as well as that there’s swimming of course.(我们确实有健身房，在会员中很流行，当然还有游泳。)
列举提示：as well as
破题密码：“as well as”作为列举(并列)逻辑联系语，连接了“keep-fit studio”和“swimming”两个考点。此类逻辑联系语在雅思听力考试中出现的概率很高，请考生千万留意。
本题答案：
第一题： keep-fit studio(健身房)。
第二题： swimming(游泳)。
提示：
在听力段落中，常常对说明对象进行横向或纵向的分类介绍。联系语可以分为以下三类情况：
1、从时间上，叙述发展阶段(firstly secondly thirdly; at the beginning then finally… );
2、从空间上，介绍区域位置(first second third stop…);
3、从同质事物中，介绍区别种类(first second third category…).
但雅思听力考试中更倾向用“also as well as another alternatively”这样的逻辑联系语，来考查考生对朗读节奏点的把握。考生必须在听力段落中，识别出这些“隐含考点”。
以上就是考生必知的雅思听力两大出题原则的介绍，希望对大家的雅思备考有帮助。最后，预祝大家在雅思考试中取得满意的成绩。
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