今天小编给大家带来的主要内容是2015年11月7日雅思阅读真题回忆, 本次考试再次出现AB卷。A卷中两新一旧，第一篇澳大利亚淘金为新题,第二篇仿生学为原文出现但是题目经过改写,第三篇测谎。B卷三旧，第一篇Reef fish ,第二篇减肥的各种理论,第三篇莫斯密码。大家可以参考剑桥真题相似文章，以便更好地备考接下来的雅思阅读考试。
A卷
Passage 1 ：
题目：待补充
内容：澳大利亚淘金
题型：待补充
题号：新题
文章大意：待补充
Passage 2 ：
题目：Biomimetic Design
内容：仿生蜥蜴
题型：待补充
参考文章：(以下文章仅是相似相关内容，仅供参考)
Biomimetic Design
What has fins like a whale, skin like a lizard, and eyes like a moth? The future of engineering. Andrew Parker, an evolutionary biologist, knelt in the baking red sand of the Australian outback just south of Alice Springs and eased the right hind leg of a thorny devil into a dish of water.
“Its back is completely drenched!” Sure enough，after 30 seconds, water from the dish had wicked up the lizard’s leg and was glistening all over its prickly hide. In a few seconds more the water reached its mouth, and the lizard began to smack its jaws with evident satisfaction. It was, in essence, drinking through its foot. Given more time, the thorny devil can perform this same conjuring trick on a patch of damp sand— a vital competitive advantage in the desert. Parker had come here to discover precisely how it does this, not from purely biological interest, but with a concrete purpose in mind: to make a thomy-devil-inspired device that will help people collect lifesaving water in the desert. “The water’s spreading out incredibly fast!” he said, as drops from his eyedropper fell onto the lizard’s back and vanished, like magic. “Its skin is far more hydrophobic than I thought. There may well be hidden capillaries, channeling the water into the mouth.”
Parker，s work is only a small part of an increasingly vigorous, global biomimetics movement. Engineers in Bath, England, and West Chester, Pennsylvania, are pondering the bumps on the leading edges of humpback whale flukes to learn how to make airplane wings for more agile flight. In Berlin, Germany, the fingerlike primary feathers of raptors are inspiring engineers to develop wings that change shape aloft to reduce drag and increase fuel efficiency. Architects in Zimbabwe are studying how termites regulate temperature, humidity, and airflow in their mounds in order to build more comfortable buildings, while Japanese medical researchers are reducing the pain of an injection by using hypodermic needles edged with tiny serrations, like those on a mosquito’s proboscis, minimizing nerve stimulation.
Ronald Fearing, a professor of electrical engineering at the University of California, Berkeley, has taken on one of the biggest challenges of all: to create a miniature robotic fly that is swift, small, and maneuverable enough for use in surveillance or search-and-rescue operations. Fearing made his own，one of which he held up with tweezers for me to see, a gossamer wand some 11 millimeters long and not much thicker than a cat’s whisker. Fearing has been forced to manufacture many of the other minute components of his fly in the same way, using a micromachining laser and a rapid prototyping system that allows him to design his minuscule parts in a computer, automatically cut and cure them overnight, and assemble them by hand the next day under a microscope.
Stanford University roboticist Mark Cutkosky designed a gecko-inspired climber that he christened Stickybot. In reality, gecko feet aren‘t sticky— they’re dry and smooth to the touch and owe their remarkable adhesion to some two billion spatula-tipped filaments per square centimeter on their toe pads, each filament only a hundred nanometers thick. These filaments are so small, in fact, that they interact at the molecular level with the surface on which the gecko walks, tapping into the low-level van der VVaals forces generated by molecules，fleeting positive and negative charges, which pull any two adjacent objects together. To make the toe pads for Stickybot, Cutkosky and doctoral student Sangbae Kim, the robot’s lead designer, produced a urethane fabric with tiny bristles that end in 30-micrometer points. Though not as flexible or adherent as the gecko itself, they hold the 500-gram robot on a vertical surface.
Cutkosky endowed his robot with seven-segmented toes that drag and release just like the lizard，s， and a gecko-like stride that snugs it to the wall. He also crafted Stickybot’s legs and feet with a process he calls shape deposition manufacturing (SDM), which combines a range of metals, polymers, and furies to create the same smooth gradation from stiff to flexible that is present in the lizard’s limbs and absent in most man-made materials. SDM also allows him to embed actuators, sensors, and other specialized structures that make Stickybot climb better. Then he noticed in a paper on gecko anatomy that the lizard had branching tendons to distribute its weight evenly across the entire surface of its toes. Eureka. “When I saw that, I thought, Wow, that’s great!” He subsequently embedded a branching polyester cloth “tendon” in his robot’s limbs to distribute its load in the same way.
Stickybot now walks up vertical surfaces of glass, plastic, and glazed ceramic tile, though it will be some time before it can keep up with a gecko. For the moment it can walk only on smooth surfaces, at a mere four centimeters per second, a fraction of the speed of its biological role model. The dry adhesive on Stickybot5s toes isn't self-cleaning like the lizard’s either, so it rapidly clogs with dirt. “There are a lot of things about the gecko that we simply had to ignore,” Cutkosky says. Still, a number of real-world applications are in the offing. The Department of Defense’s Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), which funds the project, has it in mind for surveillance: an automaton that could slink up a building and perch there for hours or days, monitoring the terrain below. Cutkosky hypothesizes a range of civilian uses. “I‘m trying to get robots to go places where they’ve never gone before，“he told me. “I would like to see Stickybot have a real-world function, whether it，s a toy or another application. Sure, it would be great if it eventually has a lifesaving or humanitarian role…"
For all the power of the biomimetics paradigm, and the brilliant people who practice it, bio-inspiration has led to surprisingly few mass-produced products and arguably only one household word— Velcro, which was invented in 1948 by Swiss chemist George de Mestral, by copying the way cockleburs clung to his dog‘s coat. In addition to Cutkosky5s lab, five other high-powered research teams are currently trying to mimic gecko adhesion, and so far none has come close to matching the lizard’s strong, directional, self-cleaning grip. Likewise, scientists have yet to meaningfully re-create the abalone nanostructure that accounts for the strength of its shell, and several well-funded biotech companies have gone bankrupt trying to make artificial spider silk.
参考答案：待补充
Passage 3 ：
题名：Art of Deception
题型:待补充
文章大意：测谎
答案参考：待补充
B卷
Passage 1 ：
题目：Reef fish study
题型：判断题4+填空题9
文章大意：
讲了reef f1Sh从小鱼到成年鱼的进化过程,以及哪种鱼才是predator的捕食目标。珊瑚鱼的体 型特征与被猎取之间的关系。例如动物的大小，动物的行走速度，视力等因素都对这个动物 能否逃离被捕猎的危险有影响。有的科学家提出越大越不容易被吃掉的假设：体型大是更好的(hypothecs ： large better )。然后针对这种假设展开了讨论：是否体型越大就越在各方面机能更具优势。
参考答案：
判断题
1. 现在专家们只注重研宄动物们的逃跑速度对动物躲避天敌的重要性。False
(原文：动物躲避天敌的能力包括size，speed等很多因素。)
2. 体积大的动物视力更好。True
(原文：身强体壮的大个动物visual development也比较好。)
3. 珊瑚鱼在幼年阶段与成年阶段的特征都一样。Fake
(珊瑚鱼change dramatically and vary from individuals )
4. 鱼的生长速度在成年阶段比幼年阶段慢。
NG (原文：体型大的individual速度比较慢。)
摘要填空题
5. 是猎食者(predator)还是被捕者(prey)与mouth size有关
6. 体型in medium size更容易成为猎食者的对象
7. 为了吸引鱼类，在artificial Light的帮助下，用net抓鱼
8. 把另外一种鱼被抓回并运送到laboratory有困难
9. 实验的时间与下一个new moon有关
表格题(larvae settlement)
10. lststage: larva grow in fish body
11. 2ndstage: adolescents settle in northern Sector, young fishes take place in open ocean
12. 3rdstage: adults migrate, move to places that are close to reef
13. During this migration process, there will be increasing mortality
(部分可回忆，答案仅供参考)
Passage 2 ：
题目：Weighty matters
题型：配对题9+填空题4
文章大意：介绍了新西兰一种新型保护海底动物多样性兼顾商业运作的方式一aquaculture , 其发展遇到的问题及前景。
参考文章：(以下文章仅是相似相关内容，并非考试文章，仅供参考)
Stealth Forces in Weight Loss
The field of weight loss is like the ancient fable about the blind men and the elephant. Each man investigates a different part of the animal and reports back, only to discover their findings are bafflingly incompatible.
The various findings by public-health experts, physicians, psychologists, geneticists, molecular biologists, and nutritionists are about as similar as an elephant's tusk is to its tail Some say obesity is largely predetermined by our genes and biology; others attribute it to an overabundance of fries, soda, and screen-sucking; still others think we're fat because of viral infection, insulin, or the metabolic conditions we encountered in the womb. "Everyone subscribes to their own little theory," says Robert Berkowitz, medical director of the Center for Weight and Eating Disorders at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. We're programmed to hang onto the fat we have, and some people are predisposed to create and carry more fat than others. Diet and exercise help, but in the end the solution will inevitably be more complicated than pushing away the plate and going for a walk. "It's not as simple as 'You‘re fat because you're lazy" says Nikhil Dhurandhar, an associate professor at Pennington Biomedical Research Center in Baton Rouge. "Willpower is not a prerogative of thin people. It's distributed equally."
Science may still be years away from giving us a miracle formula for fat-loss. Hormone leptin is a crucial player in the brain's weight-management circuitry. Some people produce too little leptin; others become desensitized to it. And when obese people lose weight, their leptin levels plummet along with their metabolism. The body becomes more efficient at using fuel and conserving fat, which makes it tough to keep the weight off. Obese dieters' bodies go into a state of chronic hunger, a feeling Rudolph Leibel, an obesity researcher at Columbia University, compares to thirst. "Some people might be able to tolerate chronic thirst, but the majority couldn't stand it,” says Leibel. "Is that a behavioral problem—a lack of willpower? I don't think so."
The government has long espoused moderate daily exercise of the evening-walk or take-the-stairs variety—but that may not do much to budge the needle on the scale. A 150-pound person bums only 150 calories on a half-hour walk, the equivalent of two apples. It's good for the heart, less so for the gut. "Radical changes are necessary," says Deirdre Barrett, a psychologist at Harvard Medical School and author of Waistland "People don’t lose weight by choosing the small fries or taking a little walk every other day." Barrett suggests taking a cue from the members of the National Weight Control Registry (NWCR), a self-selected group of more than 5,000 successful weight-losers who have shed an average of 66 pounds and kept it off 5.5 years. Some registry members lost weight using low-carb diets; some went low-fat; others eliminated refined foods. Some did it on their own; others relied on counseling. That said, not everyone can lose 66 pounds and not everyone needs to. The goal shouldn't be getting thin, but getting healthy. It's enough to whittle your weight down to the low end of your set range, says Jeffrey Friedman, a geneticist at Rockefeller University. Losing even 10 pounds vastly decreases your risk of diabetes, heart disease, and high blood pressure. The point is to not give up just because you don't look like a swimsuit model.
The negotiation between your genes and the environment begins on day one. Your optimal weight, writ by genes, appears to get edited early on by conditions even before birth, inside the womb. If a woman has high blood-sugar levels while she's pregnant, her children are more likely to be overweight or obese, according to a study of almost 10,000 mother-child pairs. Maternal diabetes may influence a child's obesity risk through a process called metabolic imprinting, says Teresa Hillier, an endocrinologist with Kaiser Permanente's Center for Health Research and the study's lead author. The implication is clear: Weight may be established very early on, and obesity largely passed from mother to child. Numerous studies in both animals and humans have shown that a mother's obesity directly increases her child's risk for weight gain. The best advice for moms-to-be: Get fit before you get pregnant. You'll reduce your risk of complications during pregnancy and increase your chances of having a normal-weight child.
It’s the $64,000 question： Which diets work? It got people wondering: Isn't there a better way to diet? A study seemed to offer an answer. The paper compared two groups of adults: those who, after eating, secreted high levels of insulin, a hormone that sweeps blood sugar out of the bloodstream and promotes its storage as fat, and those who secreted less. Within each group, were put on a low-fat diet and half on a tow-glycemic-toad diet. On average, the low-insulin-secreting group fared the same on both diets, losing nearly 10 pounds in the first six months — but they gained about half of it back by the end of the 18-month study. The high-insulin group didn't do as well on the low-fat plan, losing about 4.5 pounds, and gaining back more than half by the end. But the most successful were the high- insulin-secretors on the low-glycemic-load diet. They lost nearly 13 pounds and kept it off.
What if your fat is caused not by diet or genes, but by germs—say, a virus? It sounds like a sci-fi horror movie, but research suggests some dimension of the obesity epidemic may be attributable to infection by common viruses, says Dhurandhar. The idea of "infect obesity" came to him 20 years ago when he was a young doctor treating obesity in Bombay. He discovered that a local avian virus, SMAM-1, caused chickens to die, sickened with organ damage but also, strangely, with lots of abdominal fat. In experiments, Dhurandhar found that SMAM-l-infected chickens became obese on the same diet as uninfected ones, which stayed svelte.
He later moved to the U.S. and onto a bona fide human virus, adenovirus 36 (AD-36). In the lab, every species of animal Dhurandhar infected with the virus became obese—chickens got fat, mice got fat, even rhesus monkeys at the zoo that picked up the virus from the environment suddenly gained 15 percent of their body weight upon exposure. In his latest studies, Dhurandhar has isolated a gene that, when blocked from expressing itself, seems to turn off the virus's fattening power. Stem cells extracted from fat cells and then exposed to AD-36 reliably blossom into fat cells—but when stem cells are exposed to an AD-36 virus with the key gene inhibited, the stems cells don't differentiate. The gene appears to be necessary and sufficient to trigger AD-36-related obesity, and the goal is to use the research to create a sort of obesity vaccine.
Researchers have discovered 10 microbes so far that trigger obesity— seven of them viruses. It may be a long shot, but for people struggling desperately to be thin, even the possibility of an alternative cause of obesity offers some solace. "They feel better knowing there may be something beyond them that could be responsible，" says Dhurandhar. "The thought that there could be something besides what they've heard all their lives that they are greedy and lazy— helps."
参考答案：
段落信息配对题
14. 各种各样的减肥方式E
15. 测试了母亲和孩子的体重关系，发现母亲如果高血糖的话，孩子就更容易肥胖，但是这是可以治疗的，在孕期保持比较低的血糖就可以D
16. Relative Group的实验 C
17. 有人在减肥的过程中经过了illusion觉得饿B
18. G
19. C
20. F
人名理论配对题
21. 减肥没用，因为基因当中规定了体重范围C
22. 每天少量的运动没有用D
23. 减肥的目的不是更瘦，而是更健康。E
24. 主流的减肥方法都是more or less the same没有大的不同F
25. 关于减肥每个人都有自己的观点A-Robert Berkowitz
摘要填空题
第六个专家认为肥胖是由一种病毒造成，他之前在一个M打头的地方，对chickens 身上进行第一个实验。后来他搬家到美国，在那里他实验了一种新的病毒名字为 AD-36o他们的实验发现这种病毒没有办法杀死，但是可以让一种gene可以block病 毒的发展。他将来的研究方向是发明一种vaccine来抑制这种病毒。
(答案可能有误,仅供参考)
Passage 3 ：
题名：Moss Code
题型：list of headings 7+判断题 7
参考文章：
Morse Code
A Morse code is being replaced by a new satellite-based system for sending distress calls at sea. Since 1992 countries around the world have been decommissioning their Morse equipment with similar (if less poetic) sign-offs, as the world，s shipping switches over to a new satellite- based arrangement, the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System. The final deadline for the switch-over to GMDSS is February 1 st, a date that is widely seen as the end of an era. For although dots and dashes will not die out altogether — they will, for example, continue to be used by amateur radio operators, spies, and some members of the armed forces — the switch to GMDSS marks the end of the last significant international use of Morse.
B The code has, however, had a good history. Appropriately for a technology commonly associated with radio operators on sinking ships, the idea of Morse code is said to have occurred to Samuel Morse while he was on board a ship crossing the Atlantic. At the time Morse was a painter and occasional inventor, but when another of the ship’s passengers informed him of recent advances in electrical theory, Morse was suddenly taken with the idea of building an electric telegraph. Other inventors had been trying to do just that for the best part of a century. Morse succeeded and is now remembered as 'the father of the telegraph’ partly thanks to his single mindedness — it was 12 years, for example, before he secured money from Congress to build his first telegraph line 一 but also for technical reasons.
C Compared with rival electric telegraph designs, Morse’s design was very simple: it required little more than a ‘key’ (essentially, a spring-loaded switch) to send messages, a clicking ‘sounder’ to receive them, and a wire to link the two. But although Morse’s hardware was simple, there was a catch: in order to use his equipment, operators had to learn the special code of dotsand dashes. Originally, Morse had not intended to use combinations of dots and dashes to represent individual letters. His first code, sketched in his notebook during that transatlantic voyage, used dots and dashes to represent the digits 0 to 9. Morse’s idea was that messages would consist of strings of numbers corresponding to words and phrases in a special numbered dictionary. But Morse later abandoned this scheme and, with the help of an associate, Alfred Vail, devised the Morse alphabet, which could be used to spell out messages a letter at a time in dots and dashes. At first, the need to learn this complicated-looking code made Morse’s telegraph seem impossibly tricky compared with other, more user-friendly designs. Cooke’s and Wheat stone’s telegraph, for example, used five needles to pick out letters on a diamond-shaped grid. But although this meant that anyone could use it, it also required five wires between telegraph stations. Morse’s telegraph needed only one.
D As electric telegraphy took off in the early 1850s, the Morse telegraph quickly became dominant. It was adopted as the European standard in 1851, allowing direct connections between the telegraph networks of different countries. (Britain chose not to participate, sticking with needle telegraphs for a few more years. ) By this time Morse code had been revised to allow for accents and other foreign characters, resulting in a split between American and International Morse that continues to this day.
E On international submarine cables, left and right swings of a light-beam reflected from a tiny rotating mirror were used to represent dots and dashes. Meanwhile a distinct telegraphic subculture was emerging, with its own customs and vocabulary, and a hierarchy based on the speed at which operators could send and receive Morse code. First-class operators, who could send and receive at speeds of up to 45 words a minute, handled press traffic, securing the best-paid jobs in big cities. At the bottom of the pile were slow, inexperienced rural operators, many of whom worked the wires as part-timers. As their Morse code improved, however, rural operators found that their new-found skill was a passport to better pay in a city job. Telegraphers soon swelled the ranks of the emerging middle classes. Telegraphy was also deemed suitable work for women. By 1870, a third of the operators in the Western Union office in New York，the largest telegraph office in America, were female.
F In a dramatic ceremony in 1871, Morse himself said goodbye to the global community of telegraphers he had brought into being. By the time of his death in 1872, the world was well and truly wired: more than 650, 000 miles of telegraph line and 30, 000 miles of submarine cable were throbbing with Morse code; and 20，000 towns and villages were connected to the global network. Just as the Internet is today often called an 'information superhighway‘， the telegraph was described in its day as an ‘instantaneous highway of thought’.
G But by the 1890s the Morse telegraph‘ s heyday as a cutting-edge technology was coming to an end, with the invention of the telephone and the rise of automatic telegraphs, precursors of the teleprinter, neither of which required specialist skills to operate. Morse code, however, was about to be given a new lease of life thanks to another new technology: wireless. Following the invention of radiotelegraphy by Guglielmo Marconi in 1896, its potential for use at sea quickly became apparent. For the first time, ships could communicate with each other, and with the shore, whatever the weather and even when out of visual range. In 1897 Marconi successfully sent Morse code messages between a shore station and an Italian warship 19km (12 miles) away. The first sea rescue after a distress call sent by radiotelegraph took place in 1899, when a lightship in the Dover Straits reported the grounding of Elbe, a steamship.
答案参考：
ⅰStandard and variation for the code
ⅱ Substitution for Morse code
ⅲ Emergence of many employment opportunities
ⅳ The advantages of Morse's invention
ⅴ Discovery of electricity
ⅵ Sea application of Morse code expanded under new technology
ⅶ The invention of Morse code
ⅷ The need for radio operators
ⅸ International reach of Morse code
29. Paragraph A ii
30. Paragraph B vii
31. Paragraph C iv
32. Paragraph D i
33. Paragraph E iii
以上是2015年11月7日雅思阅读真题回忆的全部内容，大家可以参考一下。最后，前程百利雅思频道小编预祝大家考出满意的雅思成绩。更多出国考试信息请继续关注前程百利雅思考试频道，或咨询400-890-6000得到快速专业的回答。
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