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移动的图片
文章题材：历史类
我们先来学习一些有关这个话题的词汇：
1. zenith：n.顶峰;最高点
2. massacre：n.大屠杀;惨败
3. steed：战马，骏马
4. aggregate：n.合计;集体
5. nomad：n.游牧民;流浪汉
6. ameliorating：vt.改善，改良
7. epilogue：n.结语;尾声
8. curate：n.助理牧师
9. missionary：n.传教士
10. cede：vt. 屈服;割让
11. pigment：adj. 有颜色的
12. squint at：斜眼看;眯着眼看
13. aesthetic：adj. 美学的;审美的
14. pictographic：adj. 象形文字的，绘画文字的
15. ledger：n. 总账;分类账
16. anonymous：无名的;匿名的
17. evince：表明;引起
18. staple：n. 主要产品;订书针;主题;主食
19. accoutrement：n.穿着;配备
20. menace：adj. 威胁的;险恶的
21. devolved：移交
22. subsist：vt. 供养
23. portability：n. 可携带性;轻便
文章重点段落摘要：红色字体部分是长难句，有相应的句子结构分析和译文哦。黄色背景表示重点词汇哦。
1. It began with horses and ended in massacre. The zenith of the cultures that are celebrated in “The Plains Indians: Artists of Earth and Sky,” a wondrous show at the Metropolitan Museum, lasted barely two hundred years. It started in 1680, when Pueblo Indians seized the steeds of Spanish settlers whom they had driven out of what is now New Mexico. The horse turned the scores of Plains tribes—river-valley farmers and hunter-gatherers who had used dogs as their beasts of burden—into a vast aggregate of mounted nomads, who ranged from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains, and from the Rio Grande into Canada, hunting buffalo, trading, and warring with one another.
句子结构分析：这篇句子的主句是The horse turned the scores of Plains tribes into a vast aggregate of mounted nomads。插入语是river-valley farmers and hunter-gatherers who had used dogs as their beasts of burden。Who引导定语从句修饰nomads，有三个v-ing形式做状语。
译文：马改变了平原部落的生活模式，使曾经把野狗当做野兽的溪谷间的种田人和采集狩猎的族群转变成无数的骑马游牧民族，从密西西比河到落基山脉,从格兰德河到加拿大,他们狩猎野牛，进行贸易，彼此交战。
2. Other robes introduce a pictographic tradition, recording events in personal and tribal history, which climaxes with riveting late-nineteenth-century drawings of violent combat with soldiers, made in a ledger book (a common source of paper for Plains tribes at the time), by anonymous Northern and Southern Cheyenne artists.
句子结构分析：这个句子的主句是Other robes introduce a pictographic tradition。Recording做状语，which引导定语从句修饰history，made 引导定语从句修饰drawings。
译文：
其他长袍用传统的象形文字记录个人事件和部落历史。最吸引人的部分是19世纪后期士兵战斗的暴力场面,由无名的北部和南部夏安族艺术家通过账簿制成 (一种平原部落那时常见的纸张来源)。
3. A Plains warrior won prestige by physically touching an enemy—fatally or not—and getting away. For each coup, he might be awarded, quite literally, a feather in his cap. The European style of conflict—organized slaughter—tended to confuse as well as to scandalize the native Plains peoples, who effectively mastered it only under Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse, at the Little Bighorn, in 1876, by which time it was too late to make a strategic difference.
句子结构分析：这句话的主干是The European style of conflict tended to confuse as well as to scandalize the native Plains peoples，—organized slaughter—做插入语是对The European style of conflict的解释说明，who引导非限制性定语从句修饰native Plains peoples，which引导宾语从句。
译文：欧式风格的战斗就是有组织的屠杀，使平原的土著人民既困惑又愤慨，只有在部落首领疯马的领导下，才在1876年的小比格霍恩河进行了有效地反击，即著名的小巨角战役。然而，这个时候，改变战略的差异已经太晚了。
怎么样，亲爱的烤鸭们，是不是对《大平原印第安人：天地艺术家》(The Plains Indians: Artists of Earth and Sky)这本书有了更多地了解，喜欢的同学们可以买来看一看哦。看完这篇小素材，你记住这些背景知识及背景词汇了么，还没记住的话，就在复习一遍吧。
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