雅思阅读的备考很琐碎复杂，但是如果掌握了文章和题目中无处不在的同义替换能力，那么阅读高分就会很简单了。希望这篇火眼金睛看雅思阅读同义替换对大家有帮助。
Paraphrasing，原意“释义”“解述”“改写”，而在雅思阅读授课中向学生解释为同义转换较易理解。无论是阅读题目本身还是原文，Paraphrasing的意义重大。
笔者认为，在雅思阅读中，核心思想即为一个“转”字。比如在填空题中，summary题目与原文很多时候只是个别词的转换，如果能识别这些常见转换，回原文找到空格所需并非难事。
Paraphrasing用一句话概括，即是用字不同，但表达的意思相同。在Paraphrasing中所运用到的重要技巧有同义反义替换，词性转换，顺序倒换，改换说法，注释性说明等等。在雅思阅读的授课中，笔者会视情况专门抽出1-2个小时训练学生的Paraphrasing能力。
如果学生阅读能力还比较初级，就从初级Paraphrasing讲起，按照单个词、短语、句子、段落这样的顺序逐级详细讲解;如果学生水平已经较高，就直接以句子为背景，将词与短语的同义转换含至其中讲解。所有的Paraphrasing讲解都是剑桥雅思阅读中的高频词汇。
具体如下：
一、初级Paraphrasing，主要涉及以下词语的转换：
第一组：下降与上升
例如：
decrease: curtail, cut, decrease, halve, impair, lessen, moderate, trim, slash
grow: increase, rise, surge, go up
第二组：时间(过去、现在与将来)
例如：
past: conventional, traditional, historical, accepted
future: prospect, approaching, expected, destined, forthcoming, what's next
today: present, recent, modern, current, now, nowadays, contemporaneous, new, novel
第三组：积极与消极(褒义与贬义)
例如：
importance: key, significance, milestone, impact, gist, point
difficulty: problem, bar, barricade, barrier, block, obstacle, obstruction, hurdle
第四组：其他重要常见转换
以explain为例，
explain: describe, clarify, demonstrate, illustrate, elucidate, expound, interpret
二、词与短语的Paraphrasing还可从另一角度讲解，此为第二阶段的Paraphrasing，即以词性归类，给学生示例，找出剑桥阅读中有明显特点，最好出口成诵的一些同义转换。需要说明的是，这些同义转换同初级同义转换一样，都不是严格意义上准确的“同义”，很多情况下是近似，亦或换种说法，只保留核心意思。
综合笔者自己的做题思路，以剑四为例，可有如下重要转换值得提及：
1)名词举例：
1. the destruction of rainforests：the loss of the rainforests
2. rainforest conservation：the rainforests to be protected
3. the geographical location：where the rainforests were
4. courtship ritual：mating
5. feeding：eating
6. young people：teens
7. take courses：retrain
8. domestic building：dwellings
9. economic progress：economic growth
10. awareness：conscious
2)形容词副词：
1.rudimentary：underdeveloped
2.well-developed：best developed
3.surprised：taken aback
4.be loath to/be conservative about：be reluctant to
5.chronic：long-term
6.basic：fundamental
7.with tremendous force：violently
3)动词：
1.resemble：make similar choices/look like
2.choose entrepreneurship：set up their own business
3.make unbiased statements：comment objectively on
4.deal only with：focus on
5.be derived from：be gained from
6.break records：set new records
7.comprehend：explain
8.be broken down：be subdivided
4)不拘形式的替换
1.media coverage：Newspaper and television
2.A curve inside the circle：a symbol
3.Government policy：government initiative
4.A growing interest in cultural identity：increasing appreciation
5.Bilingualism：more than one language
6.Facial expression：body language
7.Nutriment：diet
8.Pots, tools and weapons：objects
9.People can learn…：it can teach people…
10.A depends on B：B affect A
三、笔者所谓的高级Paraphrasing即为句子的同义转换，综合词与短语与句子结构本身，使学生对同义转换的技巧驾轻就熟。通常会给出四个例句：
Eg.1. People trying to interpret a situation often look at those around them to see how to react. (base reactions on)
【Paraphrase】 People trying to interpret a situation often base their reactions on those around them.
Eg2. But Americans consider it bad manners to look closely at other people in public. (think that)
【Paraphrase】 But American think that it is bad manners to look closely at other people publicly.
Eg3. And we are used to drinking milk from containers showing “contented” cows, whose real lives we want to hear nothing about, eating eggs and drumsticks from “happy” hens, and munching hamburgers advertised by bulls of integrity who seem to command their fate.
【Paraphrase】 And we are accustomed to drinking milk from containers with pictures of happy cows but we care nothing about the animals’ lives. We are accustomed to eating eggs and legs from the chickens whom we believe willingly and contentedly serve us. We are accustomed to eating hamburgers made from the meat of bulls whom we believe are righteously in control of their own fate.
Eg4. “Why are they playing the music so loud?” Perhaps the children have listened to much of the music of oppressed people their parents danced to before they were born, with its passionate but soft cries for acceptance and love, and they have wondered why their parents failed to hear.
【Paraphrase】 Parents frown on their children playing music so loud. Actually the children are listening to exactly the same music that the parents loved when they were young because that music expressed cries for acceptance and love. But now these parents have become too “mature” to remember that. The parents fail to understand this.
在实际授课中，经过这些练习后，笔者会请学生随意跳出阅读真题中任何一个两行以上的长句子，进行在课上即时演示Paraphrasing，激发学生同义转换的大量尝试兴趣。在配合分类题型讲解雅思阅读应试技巧时，会时时引用同义转换技巧，使学生用更短的时间解决对应的题目。
实践证明，学生在写雅思作文的时候，也会有意识的将一些简单词汇同义转换为高级词汇，甚至转换表达思路，使文章长短句结合，逻辑清晰。Paraphrasing在读写当中的应用很多，教师与学生都应引起足够重视。
上面就是给大家总结的雅思阅读有关同义替换的备考经验，大家是不是感觉豁然开朗?希望对大家备考有帮助。最后，前程百利雅思频道小编预祝大家考出满意的雅思成绩。
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