雅思阅读长难句中无所不在的介词短语给大家分享了了介词短语的常见用法，可以帮助大家更快更好的分析长难句，提高大家的对复杂句子的理解能力。
一、什么是介词短语
我们先来了解一下介词：介词是一种用来表示词与词，词与句之间的关系的词。常见到的分类有：简单介词——above、after、except、past等;合成介词——inside、towards、without、throughout等;二重介词——from behind、from under、till after等;短语介词——according to、along with、in front of等。
介词短语是由介词和其他代词或名词或词组搭配组成的，在句中可以作状语、表语、补语，定语，另一个介词的宾语。介词短语和短语介词不相同，介词短语是由介词+宾语构成，本身可做句子成分，可单独使用;而短语介词只是一种介词，不能做句子成分，也不可单独使用，后面要跟名词、动名词或代词等。
二、介词短语的用法
1、 做定语：介词短语可以做后置定语，修饰前面的名词。
例如： Experiments showed that, in fact, facial vision is nothing to do with touch or the front of the face, although the sensation may be referred to the front of the face, like the referred pain in a phantom limb.(剑7 Test 4 Passage 1)
句子结构分析：这句话的主干是Experiments showed that…，that引导宾语从句，in fact做插入语，although引导让步状语从句，like引导状语从句，介词短语in a phantom limb做后置定语修饰pain。
2、 做状语：介词短语作状语应该是我们最早接触的用法了，非常简单。
例如：Although population, industrial output and economic productivity have continued to soar in developed nations, the rate at which people withdraw water from aquifers, rivers and lakes has slowed.(剑7 Test 4 Passage 2)
句子结构分析：Although引导让步状语从句，三个并列名词性population, industrial output and economic productivity作主语，这个从句介词短语in developed nations作状语。from aquifers, rivers and lakes做后置定语修饰water。
主句主语是the rate，which引导定语从句修饰the rate，from之后也跟了三个并列的名词aquifers, rivers and lakes，可能会让这个句子看起来有点复杂。
3、 做表语：介词短语做表语非常少见，但是用法并不难。
例如：That is mainly because the costs of all this damage are what economists refer to as externalities: they are outside the main transaction, which is for example producing and selling a field of wheat, and are borne directly by neither producers nor consumers.(剑 7 Test 2 Passage 2)
句子结构分析：that指代上文，人们意识不到食品的隐藏经济代价。这句话的主干是That is mainly because…，because引导表语从句，what引导表语从句，冒号后面是对术语外部经济效应的解释说明。
冒号后面句子的主干是they are outside the main transaction，其中，介词短语outside the main transaction做表语，which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面的句子。
4、 做补语：这类介词经常会和动词有一些固定搭配，来补充说明动词之后的宾语。
例如：The socio-economic survey of more than 400 households in the district indicated that a household in Makete spent, on average, seven hours a day on transporting themselves and their goods, a figure which seemed extreme but which has also been obtained in surveys in other rural areas in Africa.(剑 7 Test 2 Passage 3)
句子结构分析： 这句话的主语是The survey，of短语修饰survey，谓语是indicated，第一个that引导宾语从句，该从句主干是a household in Makete spent seven hours a day on transporting themselves and their goods，其中，in Makete作后置定语修饰household，on transporting themselves and their goods做seven hours a day的宾语补足语。
on average做插入语，a figure作seven hours a day的同位语，which seemed extreme but which...这两个由but连接的which定语从句修饰a figure。
5、 作宾语：有时候，介词短语会跟在介词之后，做其宾语。
例如：She had no sooner opened the door than a cat jumped out from behind the door.
句子结构分析：这句话比较简单，用了一个no sooner…than…一……就……的句式，jumped out是一个动词短语，后面不能直接跟宾语，所以用了一个介词from， 而介词短语behind the door作from的宾语。
上面就是给大家分享的雅思阅读长难句中介词短语的备考方法，希望对大家雅思备考有帮助。最后，小编预祝大家考出满意的雅思成绩。
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