雅思阅读三篇文章虽然来源较广泛，但是文章的结构还是有规律可循的。掌握了结构能够在很大程度上帮助考生理解文章意思以及解题。本文小编为大家带来雅思阅读文章结构剖析(上)，希望对大家有帮助。
大部分雅思阅读文章按照题材可以分成两大类：介绍类学术说明文和论证类学术论文。介绍类说明文是对客观的事实和既定的现象进行说明，一般不含论证(argument);论证类学术论文是对目前没有解决或定义、正在研发讨论当中的某课题进行论证的文章，一般会给出实验、不同学者的观点、从过去到现在的论证变化和发展等。下面，小编将介绍一下这两大类文章的结构。
一、介绍类说明文的结构
判断文章类型最简单的方法是看标题，下面列举一些雅思真题集中介绍说明文的标题：
The truth about the environment (剑5 TEST 1 PASSAGE 3)
What’s so funny? (剑5 TEST 2 PASSAGE 2)
The nature and aims of archaeology (剑4 TEST 1 PASSAGE 2)
Johnson’s dictionary (剑5 TEST 1 PASSAGE 1)
Makete integrated rural transport project (剑7 TEST 2 PASSAGE 3)
从上述列举的标题可以看出：介绍类文章的标题一般是确定性的名词短语或者以what、how等开头的疑问，就某一现象或者事物进行描述性的介绍，具体文章结构如下：
-Introduce a phenomenon or a fact
-Detailed description: Timeline / different aspects / logic development
-Summary / look into the future
1. 开头段
介绍类说明文开头都是叙述描写性的语言，或介绍现象，或陈述事实，或交代问题。下面引用Johnson’s dictionary开头段：
For the century before Johnson‘s Dictionary was published in 1775, there had been concern about the state of the English language. There was no standard ways of speaking or writing and no agreement as to the best way of bringing some order to the chaos of English spelling. Dr Johnson provided the solution.
此开头段，首先给出确切时间，concern、no standard ways、no agreement交代当时的问题，介绍当时的状况，而最后一句provided the solution引出主题。另举Makete integrated rural transport project开头段为例：
The disappointing results of many conventional road transport projects in Africa led some experts to rethink the strategy by which rural transport problems were to be tackled at the beginning of the 1980s. A request for help in improving the availability of transport within the remote Makete District of south-western Tanzania presented the opportunity to try a new approach.
Disappointing results导致rethink the strategy, 交代问题和状况。最后a request presented the opportunity… 引出主题，为下文介绍工程做铺垫。
2. Body段
介绍类说明文的Body段是对事物细节的展开描述。基本可划分为三种：时间顺序类、并列或递进类、逻辑发展类。
(1) 时间顺序类如Johnson's dictionary, 中间段的细节描述从段落开头和年份细节可以看出：
There had, of course, been dictionaries in the past...
Beyond the practical need to make order out of chaos, the rise of dictionaries is associated with the rise of the English middle class...
Johnson signed the contract for the Dictionary with a bookseller Robert Dosley...on 18 June 1764.
The work was immense; filling about eighty large notebooks...
After many vicissitudes the Dictionary was finally published on 15 April 1775.
(2) 并列或递进类的中间段是从各个方面来细节叙述，例如The nature and aims of archaeology:
Archaeology, then,is both a physical activity out in the field,and an intellectual pursuit in the study laboratory.
But how does archaeology relate to the disciplines such as anthropology and history that are also concerned with the human story?
Anthropology, at its broadest, is the study of humanity...
从以上摘录的段首可以看出，文章从考古学的定义，考古学和人类学的关系，人类学的定义，以及后文叙述的考古学的任务、考古学的研究途径等各个方面介绍说明。
(3) 逻辑顺序类，即按照逻辑发展顺序叙述，笔者发现这种类型在自然环境类文章中尤其常见。而自然环境类的文章在近期的雅思阅读考试中也是必考，如Global warming in New Zealand、海洋污染等。以下列举The truth about the environment的body段结构为例：
But a quick look at the facts shows a different picture. First, energy and other natural resources have become more abundant… Second, more food is now produced per head of the world's population... Third,...
Yet opinion polls suggest that many people nurture the belief that environmental standards are declining and four factors seem to cause...
One is the...
Secondly,...
A third source of confusion is...
The forth factor is...
So what of global warming?
从以上段落开头的摘录中可以看出作者写作的逻辑很清晰。对环境现状的分析，对造成环境问题的因素分为四个要点剖析，对全球变暖的定义、成因和解决的分析，作者的逻辑清晰地体现在段落结构中。
以上就是雅思阅读文章结构剖析(上)的详细内容，通过小编的介绍，相信考生已经有所了解了，那么就希望考生能够熟练掌握，攻克阅读障碍不是事儿。
您还可能关注：
