备考雅思写作需要考生投入一定的时间与精力，对于每个知识点都要牢记。今天，前程百利小编为大家带来的是雅思写作知识点系列之环保问题类，希望对考生有所帮助。
今天我们学习环保问题。首先议论“是否该提倡人们吃本地食物来减少运输给环境造成的负面影响”，然后练习“大型污染环境的工厂到底是否该关闭”等问题。
例题：
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Write about the following topic:
Food travels thousands of miles from farm to consumer. Some people think that U would be better to our environment and economy if people only ate local food. To what extent do the disadvantages outweigh the advantages?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
1. 审题
从话题上来看，这是一道环保类题目。随着环境问题越来越受到公众的重视，雅思考试也开始涉及此类问题。环保类题目一般都是要求考生就某个具体的环境问题、环保举措发表观点。如本题中提到的“食用当地生产的食物，正是环保领域的一个崭新的观点。
从提问方法上虽然题目中提到了“食用本地食物友好有坏”，但由于题目的立场 己经预设，即要求考生回答“在多大程度上只食用本地食物坏处大于好处”，所以本题属于支持反对类问题。考生既可以对物大于好处持支持意见，并加以证明，也可以持否定意见，认为“只食用本地食物的坏处小于好处”，并对原观点进行反驳。
2. 论点与论据
★只食用本地食物的坏处
1) 如果人们只能购买本地食物，那么他们选择的余地会变得非常之小。因为任何地域都受自然条件等因素的影响无法生产很多居民们箱要的食物。对于一些农产品非常依赖外地的国家和地区来说，这样的措施无异于剥夺该国、地区居民生存的权利。
2) 如果人们只能购买本地食物，那么以输出农产品为生的人们就无法卖出自己的产品，很可能面临失业。这对农业大国，如美国、中国的农业劳动者来说影响非常大。
3) 如果人们只能购买本地食物，就不存在本地与外地间农产品的竞争，就事实上造成了本地农业的故步自封和垄断：农产品质里无从提髙，价格却无从降低。
★只食用本地众物的好处
1) 如果人们只能购买本地食物，就避免了食物运输造成的环境污染(碳排放)，也减少了运输过程中的浪费。
2) 更重要的是，这种做法倡导了一种对自然的，负责任的，环保的生活方式的回归。
3) 只购买本地食物，既支持了本地的农业、食品加工业等相关产业，有利于本地区各行业的平衡、和谐发展。
4) 只购买本地食物，避免了大型食品相关企业存在的可能性，在一定程度上避免了垄断的出现，保护了消费者和农业生产者的利益。
3. 话题相关语言准备
agricultural products 农产品
agricultural workers 农业劳动者
carbon emission 碳排放
depend on/be dependent on 依赖
deprive sb. of sth. 剥夺
dietary habits/structure 饮食习惯/结构
environment friendly 环保的
factors 因素
food security 食品安全
genetically modified (GM) 转基因的
irrigation 灌概
local food/products 本地食物/产品
monopoly 垄断
nations and regions 国家与地区
natural environment 自然环境
natural condition 自然条件
pesticides 农药
promote 倡导
stand still and stop improving 故步自封
transportation 运输
unemployment 失业
4. 高分范文
Some environmental activists argue for buying food from local，citing its benefits for both the environment and economy. Yet they fail to include the interests of consumers and food exporters into their consideration.
While it may be better to our environment, to only eat the local food will undoubtedly limit people’s diet to a restricted number of choices as requested by such conditions as natural environment and local productivity. Not only will people’s dietary habits be affected, but countries that rely heavily on imported food will also find themselves unable to sustain their population.
The food exporting countries will also fall victim to this idea, as they can no longer make revenues since food are not allowed to be transported and sold on foreign soil. The farmers and ranchers in USA, France and some other countries may lose their job as the food industry there is gradually devastated.
The local-food-only policy forbids the import of food and the competition between local and other producers. Consumers benefit from the free transportation of food because it puts pressure on local food producers, who must continue to improve their production so as to win market. However, if the local-food-only policy is implemented, an unavoidable consequence is the monopoly of local producers, which causes the food quality to suffer and its price to increase. The local consumers are the ultimate victims.
To sum up, though eating only local food may, to a certain extent, benefit the environment as it produces less pollution and waste during transportation, it hurts the interests of consumers, food importers as well as food exporters in a wide range of ways.
深入点评：
我们以本题为例学习对比法。如果写作中只关注问题的一个方面，往往会显得观点不够 突出。一个解决方法就是利用对比。对比法一般可以应用于涉及两种或者两种以上的观点或事物的文章中。A or B类文章，可以对比A与B; A or not A类，可以对比有A和没有A的 情况。对比法的套路更加简单：
★观点+原因+对比两种情况+结论
我们以范文第四段为例。本段的观点与原因用一句话表明，即禁止食物进口(原因)导 致本地和外地食物生产商的竞争不复存在(观点)。接下来的部分，可以看做是因果法对前文的推论，只不过推论中使用了对比法。作者先说食物在地区间自由贸易可以使消费者受益，接着用however引出禁止食物进口会导致垄断，消费者最终会受到伤害(结论)。这种两种情况的强烈对比，证明了 “购买本地食物”这一建议不可行，从而支持了全文观点。
以上就是雅思写作知识点系列之环保问题类的详细内容，希望广大考生如愿考出自己理想的雅思成绩! 更多内容请持续关注前程百利雅思频道或者拨打服务热线400-890-6000。
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