本文为大家浅析雅思议论文主体段写作技巧，对于主体段的写作还处于茫然状态，不知道如何写作的考生赶紧来学习一下吧，一定会对你有所帮助。
无论雅思托福的议论文写作，都需要对论点进行充分详细的论述。在应试型(雅思或新托福等)议论文写作中，通常遵循introduction-body-conclusion(引言段-主体段-结论段)的“三步曲”。Body(主体)段落提供了论证观点的理由，是整个文章的主体，在评分中占有很大的比重。
例如一篇满分的雅思作文(9分)必须“presentsa fully developed position in answer to the question with relevant, fully extended and well supported ideas”。这里的“fully extended / well supported”，必须通过主体段来体现。新托福的满分作文(5分)也要求“is well organized and well developed, using clearly appropriate explanations, exemplifications, and/or details”，同样必须通过主体段落发展来实现。
一般来说，一篇议论文必须包含至少两个主体段。每个主体段都必须有明确的主题句“topic sentence”和若干支持句“supporting sentences”。他们共同组成文章的理由段，对全文的论点提供理由支持。建议初学者在练习议论文写作时，必须遵循理由段发展的几个简单原则，这对迅速完成理由段、构建连贯和理由充分的议论文大有帮助。
这几个简单原则包括：
1. Write a topic sentence for each paragraph you plan to write. Each topicsentence should relate to your thesis statement and introduce what the paragraph will be about. If you find that the topics you want to discuss do not support the thesis statement you have written, revise your thesis statement or reconsider your topic sentences. (每个主体段都必须有一个明确的主题句)
2. Write ideas that support your topic sentences. The topic sentence for each paragraph tells the reader what the paragraph will be about. The ideas stated in the rest of the paragraph should all relate to the topic sentence. (支持句必须围绕主题句展开)
根据第2条的原则，我们来看看下面这个主体段：
Hobbies are important for many reasons. First, a hobby can be educational. For example, if the hobby is stamp collecting, the person can learn about the countries of the world and even some of their history. Second, engaging in a hobby can lead to meeting other people with the same interests. A person canalso meet other people by going to the school. Third, a person's free time is being used in a positive way. The person has no time to be bored or get into mischief while engaged in the hobby. Finally, some hobbies can lead to a future job. A person who enjoys a hobby-related job is more satisfied with life.
这段话的topic sentence很明显-“Hobbies are important for many reasons”，之后的支持句从三方面阐述hobby的重要性(first, second, third)，但段中这句话"A person can alsomeet other people by going theschool"与hobby重要的原因没有关系，因此削弱了整个段落的连贯性与统一性，应该被去掉。
3. Add details. To write a more fully developed paragraph, you need to add details to your supporting ideas. Your details can be facts, examples, personal experiences, or descriptions. (需要用多种方式提供细节展开段落)
根据第3条的原则，我们来看下面这个段落：
The Smithsonian Institution is worth visiting for a number of reasons. The Smithsonian Institution comprises various museums that offer something for everyone. These museums include the National Museum of History and Technology, the National Aeronautics and Space Museum, the National Collection of Fine Arts,the National Museum of Natural History, and several others. A person can do more than just look at the exhibits. For example, in the insect zoo at the National Museum of Natural History, anyone who so desires can handle some of the exhibits. The museums provide unforgettable experiences. In climbing through the Skylab exhibit at the National Aeronautics and Space Museum, I was able to imagine what it would be like to be an astronaut in space. Movies shown at regular intervals aid in building an appreciation of our world. In the National Aeronautics and Space Museum, there is a theater that has a large screen. When the movie is shown, it gives the viewer the feeling that he or she is in the movie itself, either floating above the Earth in a hot-air balloon or hanggliding over cliffs.
这是一个成功的主题段，请注意这段话段落细节展开的几种形式-提供事实、举例、个人经历和描述。
我们把这个段落拆分后进行分析：
Topic sentence
(主题句) The Smithsonian Institution is worth visiting for a number of reasons.
Supporting idea 1
(支持理由1)The Smithsonian Institution comprises various museums that offer something for everyone.
Details – facts
(细节展开-提供事实) These museums include the National Museum of History and Technology, the National Aeronautics and Space Museum, the National Collection of Fine Arts, the National Museum of Natural History, and several others.
Supporting idea 2
(支持理由2) A person can do more than just look at the exhibits.
Details – examples
(细节展开-举例) For example, in the insect zoo at the National Museum of Natural History, anyone who so desires can handle some of the exhibits.
Supporting idea 3
(支持理由3) The museums provide unforgettable experiences.
Details – personal
experience
(细节展开-个人经历)
In climbing through the Skylab exhibit at the National Aeronautics and Space Museum, I was able to imagine what it would be like to be an astronaut inspace.
Supporting idea 4
(支持理由4) Movies shown at regular intervals aid in building an appreciation of our world.
Details – description
(细节展开-描述) In the National Aeronautics and Space Museum, there is a theater that has a large screen. When the movie is shown, it gives the viewer the feeling that he or she is in the movie itself, either floating above the Earth in a hot-air balloon or hang gliding over cliffs.
想要写好一篇雅思作文，主体段论点要清晰，论据要合理。考生要恰当应用不同论证方法来支撑自己的作文。论证方法常见的有四种：举例，因果，对比和解释。在下面的讲解中我们重点讨论最后一种：解释。
将一个观点进行解释有三个方法：
1. if…will/would
2. without …will/would
3. in other words
一: 正面论证 if…will/would
Advocates of this believe that today’s sedentary lifestyle and stressful working conditions mean that physical activity is no longer part of either our work or our leisure time. If there were easy-to-reach local sports centres, we would be more likely to make exercise a regular part of our lives, rather than just collapsing in front of a screen every evening. (C9 T3)
考官范文中给出的观点是：如今终日伏案的生活方式和紧张的工作环境使体育活动从我们的工作和休闲生活中消失。由于本段是写Advocates的观点，即增加体育设施对提高公众健康有好处，所以观点之后紧跟着有进一步的解释：如果当地有近便的体育活动中心，那么我们就很有可能将体育运动作为生活的一部分，而不是每晚都瘫坐在屏幕前。
正面论证更像是对观点所产生结果的进一步列举，比如谈到出国的好处：出国可以提高语言水平，如果一个人出国，他会与nativespeaker直接接触，从而有了更多面对面练习语言的机会。
二：反面论证 without … will/would
Good musicians or artists and exceptional sports stars have probably succeeded because of both good training and natural talent. Without the natural talent, continuous training would be neither attractive nor productive, and without the training, the child would not learn how to exploit and develop their talent. (C7 T1)
范文中观点是：杰出的音乐家，艺术家和体育名星的成功是训练和天赋的结合。作者用了两个without从反面进行解释论证：没有天赋，连续训练可能既乏味又没有效果;没有训练，孩子们就不知道如何开发利用他们的才能。
反面论证是从“如果没有…”这个角度去扩充思路。比如说到政府与环境的话题：政府应该加大对污染企业的监管，如果没有政府的监督和管理，那些污染企业就可以在排放污染的同时获利，并且逃脱惩罚，这样对社会和环境治理都是极其不利的。
三：解释 in other words
解释并不是把一句话换几个同义词再写一遍，这个看似简单的短语前后有着很大的奥妙，看看考官是如何利用这个方法的。
Overall, I think an ability to keep clear perspectives in life is a more essential factor in achieving happiness. By that I mean an ability to have a clear sense of what is important in our lives (the welfare of our families, the quality of our relationships, making other people happy, etc.) and what is not (a problem at work, getting annoyed about trivial things, etc.). (C4 T2)
作者认为要获得幸福的一个更重要的因素是：to keep clear perspectives inlife。这是一个很抽象的概念，如何做到这一点呢?范文中用了by that Imean来做进一步解释：也就是要知道生命中什么是重要的什么是不重要的。这是一个从抽象到具体的解释。
再如：
…They are allowed to have whatever they want, regardless of price, and to behave as they please. This means that the children grow up without consideration for others and without any understanding of where their standard of living comes from. (C4 T4)
This meansthat前面的内容是由于出生率降低，孩子们被宠坏的具体表现，后面讲他们在成长的过程中很少为他人考虑，也从来不思考他们的幸福生活是从何而来。这是一个从具体到抽象的总结。
类似的短语还有：
It means
That is to say
In other words
To put it another way
By that I mean
总之，解释是一种将观点进行再次阐释的方法，通过正面，反面或抽象具体之间的转化可以使考官更加详尽地了解考生观点，同时由于加入了一些细节内容，也使观点变得丰富，充实。
以上就是浅析雅思议论文主体段写作技巧的详细介绍，希望考生朋友们考出满意的雅思成绩，更多雅思备考经验我们将会陆续为大家更新，欢迎咨询我们的热线电话400-890-6000。
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