在SAT考试中在虽然看起来很多修辞需要辨认，但是在历年11次考题中修辞手法题只围绕最基本的的修辞在考。也就是重心放在：Metaphor(暗喻)，Parallel structure(平行结构/排比)，Analogy(类比)，Repetition(重复)。那么只要把这几个弄清楚就好了，下面我们就一起来看看SAT历年真题修辞之隐喻的用法吧。
总结历年真题中此题型涉及到的修辞：Simile(明喻)，Metaphor(隐喻)，Parallel structure(平行结构/排比)，Analogy(类比)，Understatement(低调陈述)，Exaggerate/Hyperbole(夸张)，Repetition(重复)，Personification(拟人)，Comparison and Contrast(对比)，Euphemism(委婉语)，Wordplay/Pun(双关)，Paradox/Oxymoron(矛盾语)，Allusion(典故)，Irony(讽刺)。
① Metaphor(隐喻)
为了详尽描述Metaphor，首先把与之对应的Simile了解清楚。《文学词汇词典》(A Dictionary of Literary Terms)对Simile是这样的定义：A figure of speech in which one thing is likened to another， in such a way as to clarify and enhance an image. It is explicit comparison (as opposed to the metaphor where comparison is implicit ) recognizable by the use of words “like” or “as”.这个定义对明喻的界定既有权威性又有普遍性，笔者查了很多书，许多论述英语修辞的书籍或者文章在讲明喻时，其叙述都没有超出这个概念。根据定义，明喻是一种表现一事物像另一事物的修辞格。说得通俗点，也就是打比方，即把要描述的事物——本体(A)用比喻词与另一种具有鲜明的同一特征的事物——喻体(B)联系一起。常用的比喻词有as (如)，like(像)，seem(似乎)，as if(好像)，as though(好像)，such as(像……一样) 等。其基本格式是“A is like B”或“A is as…as B” 例如：The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing.
Metaphor(隐喻)：隐喻是一种比喻，它不用比喻词，直接把甲事物(喻体)当作乙事物(本体)来描述，其比喻关系隐含的句意，从而更生动，更生刻地说明事理，增强语言的表达力。Webster’s New World Dictionary： A figure of speech containing an implied comparison， in which a word or phrase ordinarily and primarily used of one thing is applied to anther.这个解释意思是说，隐喻是一种隐含的修辞格，其通常的基本用法是，表达某一事物的词或短语被用来表达另外一个事物。比喻是隐含的，因此它的本体和喻体的关系必然十分紧密。于simile相比较，metaphor不但不需要暗示as，like之类的比喻词。A Dictionary of Literary Terms 对metaphor的定义为此：a figure of speech in which one thing is described in terms of anthor. The basic figure in poetry. A comparison is usually implicit; whereas in simile it is explicit. 下面用实例对这两种修辞格做一比较：
1 life is like an isthmus between two eternities.(simile)
生活像永恒的生死两段之间的峡道。(明喻)
2 life is an an isthmus between two eternities.(metaphor)
生活是永恒是生死两段之间的峡道。(隐喻)
1 Happiness is like sunshine ： it is made up of very little beams.(simile)
幸福像阳光，它由非常细小的光束构成。(明喻)
2 The sunshine of happiness is made up of very little beams. (metaphor)
幸福的阳光由非常细小的光束构成。(隐喻)
由此我们可以知道，隐喻就是直接把甲事物(喻体)当作乙事物(本体)来描述。
真题(2005年3月sec5)
Questions 6-7 are based on the following passage.
Duke Ellington considered himself “the world’s greatest listener.” In music， hearing is all. Judging by the two or three thousand pieces of music Ellington wrote， he could probably hear a flea scratching itself and put that rhythm into one of his compositions. For him the sounds of the world were the ingredients he mixed into appetizers，main courses， and desserts to satisfy the appetite of his worldwide audience. He wasn’t averse to going out in a boat to catch the fish himself. He would raise the fowl himself. But when that musical meal appeared before you none of the drudgery showed.
7 In lines 5-11 (“ For him….drudgery showed”)， the author’s point is primarily developed through the use of
A comparison and contrast
B appeal to emotion
C exaggeration
D metaphor
E humor
理解定位：对于他而言谈，声音的世界是一种作料，他将此混入开胃菜，主食和甜点之中来满足观众的口味。他不反感自己亲自捕鱼。他甚至可以愿意自己亲自喂养家禽。只要音乐的餐点你面前出现，什么样的辛苦工作都不会再有了。定位行数的“the sounds of the world were the ingredients”和“musical meal”。是将音乐比喻成作料和餐点。所以答案选择的是D。
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