SAT阅读中常见的几种题型中，修辞题是中国考生比较陌生的一种，因此下面百利天下小编希望通过SAT阅读修辞题讲解的内容能够帮助大家更好的掌握这种题型。
一、常考修辞手法总结
Simile & metaphor 明喻和暗喻
Anecdote 个人经历
Paradox 似非而是的隽语
Understatement 低调陈述
Personification 拟人
Irony 讽刺
Hyperbole 夸张
Allusion 典故
Citation 引用
Comparison and contrast 比较和对比
Analogy 类比
Flashback 倒叙
以上十二种修辞手法是SAT修辞题考查中最常作为选项的修辞手法，大家要熟知。
更多内容查看点击：新SAT阅读中的修辞类问题考察
二、主要修辞手法讲解
虽然作为选项的修辞手法很多，但在考试中最为频繁考查的修辞手法主要有以下几种。
1. Simile & metaphor 明喻和暗喻
明喻(Simile)是常用as或like等词将具有某种共同特征的两种不同事物连接起来的一种修辞手法。明喻的本体、喻体、比喻词都出现，能明显地看出是在打比方的比喻词：“像、好比、犹如等”。
例如：
Army and people are as inseparable as fish and water. (明喻)
军民像鱼水一样不可分离
Soldiers like the country’s steel wall, guarding the frontier of frontier (明喻)
战士就像国家的钢铁长城一样，守卫祖国的边疆
暗喻(Metaphor)又称隐喻，它的结构不同于明喻，不需要as，like之类的比喻词，而是直接把比喻对象和比喻形象(即本体和喻体)联系起来，即“甲是乙”这种基本形式。
例如：
The society was his college. 社会是他的大学 (暗喻)
Time is money. 时间就是金钱 (暗喻)
备注：SAT修辞题考查主要是考查暗喻 (metaphor)，一般考查明喻(Simile)
例题讲解：
In lines 5-11 (“ For him….drudgery showed”), the author’s point is primarily developed through the use of
A. comparison and contrast
B. appeal to emotion
C. exaggeration
D. metaphor
E. humor
Duke Ellington considered himself “the world’s greatest listener.” In music, hearing is all. Judging by the two or three thousand pieces of music Ellington wrote, he could probably hear a flea scratching itself and put that rhythm into one of his compositions. For him the sounds of the world were the ingredients he mixed into appetizers, main courses, and desserts to satisfy the appetite of his worldwide audience. He wasn’t averse to going out in a boat to catch the fish himself. He would raise the fowl himself. But when that musical meal appeared before you none of the drudgery showed.
解析：
首先，我们定位题干中的内容(原文中用横线标出的内容)，分析内容不难发现，原文中作者把世界上的各种声音(sounds of the world)比作是制作开胃菜，主菜，以及饭后甜点的原料(ingredients he mixed into appetizers, main courses, and desserts)，又没有比喻词，很明显是用的暗喻(metaphor)故选D
2. Anecdote 个人经历
Anecdote: a usually short narrative of an interesting, amusing, or biographical incident. Anecdote 在修辞题中一般是相当于personal experience个人经历。所以你看到作者在描写自己或他人的经历时就要注意是用了anecdote的修辞手法。
例题讲解：
The author uses which of the following in the fourth paragraph (lines 29-37)?
(A) Understatement
(B) Personification
(C) Analogy
(D) Metaphor
(E) Anecdote
Yawning can also be a Sign of stress in humans. Once, when observing airborne troops about to take their first parachute jump, I noticed that several of the soldiers were sitting in the plane and yawning. It was 10 A.M., just after a research is a time-consuming coffee break, and I doubted that they were tired; I knew for a fact that they were far too nervous to be bored. When I asked about this, the officer in charge laughed and said it primarily was really quite a common behavior, especially on the first jump.
解析：
定位原文内容会发现这段话的结构和清晰，段首交代了本段的论点，后面用作者自己的亲身经历来证明这个论点。作者用到，I noticed that…..; and I doubted that….以及最后的I asked about this都可以看出来作者是在描述自己的一个人经历，所以无疑答案是选E
3. Understatement 低调陈述
Understatement是故意使用有节制的修辞来陈述事实，故意清描淡写，借低调与弱化语言形式来表示强调的一种修辞手法。它是与Hyperbole(夸张)相对的一种修辞手。
Hyperbole是故意“夸大其辞”“化小为大”; Understatement则故意采取“低调”“化大为小”。
例如：
1. 买套别墅也不就花你点散碎银两嘛! (低调陈述)
(买别墅的钱其实是笔大数目， 但是这里故意用散碎银两很少的钱来突出对方的富有)
2. The driver, who was returning from a wedding, seemed puzzled. “I only had two bottles of beer and a cocktail.”
据报道，那位参加完一个婚礼后往回赶的司机一脸迷惑地说：“我只不过喝了两瓶啤酒，一杯鸡尾酒罢了。”
(本句中，那位司机满脸的困惑和所说“我只不过喝了两瓶啤酒，一杯鸡尾酒罢了。”充分地突出了他的不负责任)
例题讲解：
The sentence in which “difficult” appears (lines 54-55) indicates that the author considers the word to be
(A) an exaggeration
(B) an estimate
(C) an understatement
(D) a contradiction
(E) a preconception
The Tanaina live in an environment that could euphemistically be described as “difficult.” Survival, especially in the wild, is always precarious.
解析：
在原文中定位题干的信息，首先发现在关键词“difficult”之前有个词euphemistically(委婉地、含蓄地)，不难发现作者是认为实际情况应该比“difficult”更严重，另外在“difficult”之后又有一句说明，Survival, especially in the wild, is always precarious. 尤其是在野外的生存环境经常是危险重重。所以第一句说的环境很“困难”是故意用一种轻描淡写的手法来强调危险的程度，故选C
更多内容查看点击：SAT阅读修辞题详解和例题
三、总结
其实SAT的修辞题考查都比较容易，同学们只需要弄懂常考的十二种修辞手法的含义，再着重理解最常考的几种修辞手法，那么问题就会迎刃而解了。
更多内容查看点击：SAT阅读题型讲解-举例题和修辞题
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