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新SAT OG3阅读解析(三)

信息来源:网络  发布时间:2016-05-30

  下面给大家分享的是关于新SAT OG3阅读解析,大家可以看看其中的答案解析,做题方法,非常实用。

  Questions 21-30 are based on the following passage.

  This passage is adapted from Thor Hanson, Feathers.02011 by Thof Hanson. Scientists have long debated how the ancestors of birds evolved the ability to fly. The ground-up theory assumes they were fleet-footed ground dwellers that captured prey by leaping and flapping their upper limbs. The tree-down theory assumes they were tree climbers that leapt and glided among branches.

  At field sites around the world, Ken Dial saw a pattern in how young pheasants, quail, tinamous, and other ground birds ran along behind their lint parents. “They jumped up like popcorn,” he said,

  5 describing how they would flap their half-formed wings and take short hops into the air. So when a group of graduate students challenged him to come up with new data on the age-old ground-up-tree-down debate, he designed a project

  10 to see what dues might lie in how baby game birds learned to fly.

  Ken settled on the Chukar Partridge as a model species, but he might not have made his discover)1 without a key piece of advice from the local 15rancher in Montana who was supplying him with birds. When the cowboy stopped by to see how things were going, Ken showed him his nice, tidy laboratory setup and explained how the birds’ first hops and flights would be measured. The ranchcr

  20 was incredulous. “He took one look and said, in pretty colorful language, ‘What are those birds doing on the ground? They hate to be on the ground! Give them something to climb on!’ ” At first it seemed unnatural—ground birds don’t like the ground? But

  25 as he thought about it Ken realized that all the species he’d watched in the wild preferred to rest on ledges, low branches, or other elevated perches where they were safe from predators. They really only used the ground for feeding and traveling. So he brought

  30in some hay bales for the Chukars to perch on and then left his son in charge of feeding and data collection while he went away on a short work trip.

  Barely a teenager at the time, young Terr)' Dial was visibly upset when his father got back “I asked

  35 him how it went,” Ken recalled, “and he said.

  Terrible! The birds arc cheating!’ ” Instead of flying up to their perches, the baby Chukars were using their legs. Time and again Terry had watched them run right up the side of a hay bale, flapping all the

  40 while. Ken dashed out to see for himself, and that was the “aha” moment. “The birds were using their wings and legs cooperatively,” he told me, and that single observation opened up a world of possibilities.Working together with Terry (who has since gone

  45 on to study animal locomotion), Ken came up with a scries of ingenious experiments, filming the birds as they raced up tcxturcd ramps tilted at increasing angles. As the incline increased, the partridges began to flap, but they angled their wings differently from so birds in flight. They aimed their flapping down and backward, using the force not for lift but to keep their feet firmly pressed against the ramp. “It’s like the spoiler on the back of a race car," he explained, which is a very apt analog)-. In Formula One racing. 55 spoilers are the big aerodynamic fins that push the cars downward as the)' speed along, increasing traction and handling. The birds were doing the very same thing with their wings to help them scramble up otherwise impossible slopes.

  60 Ken called the technique WAIR, for wing-assisted incline running, and went on to document it in a wide range of species. It not only allowed young birds to climb vertical surfaces within the first few weeks of life but also gave adults an energy-efficient

  65 alternative to flying. In the Chukar experiments, adults regularly used WAIR to ascend ramps steeper than 90 degrees, essentially running up the wall and onto the ceiling.

  In an evolutionary context, WAIR takes on

  70 surprising explanatory powers. With one fell swoop, the Dials came up with a viable origin for the flapping flight stroke of birds (something gliding animals don’t do and thus a shortcoming of the tree-down theory) and an aerodynamic function for 75 half-formed wings (one of the main drawbacks to the ground-up hypothesis).

  21.以下哪一个选项最好地反映了文章中的事件的顺序?

  A. 提议了一个实验,但是被证实是不可行的;尝试了一个不那么雄心勃勃的实验,它得出了引出一组新的问题的数据。

  B. 一个新的发现导致人们重估一个理论;改进了一个经典的研究并总结了其结果。

  C. 观察到了异常现象并通过实验模拟了该现象;把实验结果与过往的发现进行对比并且 提出了一个新的假设。

  D. 研究的早期阶段出现了一个意外的发现;修改了该研究以回应该发现,并且解读并评价了研究结果。

  答案:D

  考点:主旨题

  解析:作者解释了Ken Dial创造了一个实验,通过观察幼石鸟如何学习飞翔来研究飞行的进化。试验中,Dial注意到石鸟不同寻常地使用它们的翅膀和脚互相合作地攀爬上了干草包(第38到43行),他还创造了“一系列创造性的实验”(第46行)来研究这种观察。在这些额外的实验时候,Dial确认了这些幼鸟“用不同于飞行中的鸟类的方式斜移它们的翅膀”(第49到50行)。A.B.C均不正确,因为它们没有正确地反映了文段中时间发生的顺序。

  22.第七行中“质疑”(challenged)最接近于

  A. 挑战(dared)

  B. 要求(required)

  C. 与…争论(disputed with)

  D. 与…竞争(competed with)

  答案:D

  考点:词汇题

  解析:第六到第九句中作者解释, Dial 被研究生 “质疑”(challenged)或者挑战(dared),就有关于一个长久以来的科学争辩(“地上-起飞-树上-落地”理论)提出了“新的数据”。B.C. D. 均不正确,因为在这个语境之中,“challenged”不是要求、争辩、以及竞争的意思。

  23.哪一个陈述最好地抓住了Ken Dial设计其研究的中心假定?

  A. 幼鸟飞行能力的习得可以解释它们演化而来的祖先的飞行能力的习得。

  B. 某些幼鸟不定期地跳跃的倾向是一种最近演化而来的行为

  C. 较之于野生的鸟儿,处于被控制的研究情形中的幼鸟休息时不那么需要栖息地。

  D. 居住于地面的和攀爬树木的鸟类的先前物种同时演化。

  答案:A

  考点:主旨题

  解析:作者解释Dial设计了他原先设计的实验来实验并且创造“关于那个很老的‘地面-起飞-树上-地下’的争辩的数据”且解释了他寻找关于“幼年猎鸟学习飞行”的”“线索”(第8到11行)。文章开头的提示解释了“古老的‘地面-起飞-树上-地下’的争论”并且提供了两种关于鸟儿演化出飞行能力的理论。最后,最后一段在进化论的语境中讨论了WAIR技术。B.C. D是不正确的,因为它们并没做辨别出Dial设计其实验的中心假定。

  24.哪一个选项最好地证明了上一个问题的答案?

  A. 第1至第4行(“At field…parents”)

  B. 第6至第11行(“So when…fly”)

  C. 第16至第19行(“When…measured”)

  D. 第23至第24行(“At first…the ground”)

  答案:B

  考点:因果关系题

  解析:第六到第十一行中,作者证明了Dial设计其研究的中心假设是幼鸟获得飞行能力是与其祖先获得飞行能力是相关的。作者指出Dial创造了一个项目以“找出关于古老的‘地面-起飞-树上-地下’的争论的数据”。

  A.C.D. 并没有提供最好的证据说明Dial设计其研究的中心假设是幼鸟获得飞行能力是与其祖先获得飞行能力是相关的。这三个选项是不正确的因为它们关注的是Dial的实验以及他对地面鸟类的观察

  25.第二段(第12到32行)中,关于当地牧场工人的小事主要服务于

  A. 揭示Ken Dial进行他的项目的动机

  B. 强调了实验室研究和田野研究的某种区别

  C. 展示了一个意想不到的信息如何影响了Ken Dial的研究

  D. 介绍了一个“树上—地下”理论的关键因素

  答案:C

  考点:作用题

  解析:当牧场工人看了Dial的实验设计时,他“不相信”石鸟在地面上生活,并且建议Dial给它“某些可以攀爬上去的东西”(第16至第25行)。这个 “关键的建议“ (第14行)让Dial在他的实验室里加上了干草堆。Dial 后来注意到石鸟手脚并用地爬上干草堆,而且这个观察成为了他的研究的焦点。A.B.D是不正确的, 因为与牧场工人之间发生的小事并没有揭示了Dial创造这个项目的动机,强调实验室研究和野外研究的差别或者介绍了科学发现的因素。

  26.Ken Dial恍然大悟(第41行),他

  A. 尝试训练鸟儿飞上它们的栖息地

  B. 研究视频以确定为什么鸟儿不再跳跃

  C. 观察鸟儿如何应对逐渐变陡峭的斜坡

  D. 向其它研究过石鸟的研究者请教

  答案:C

  考点:证据题

  解析:作者解释了Dial的“恍然大悟”源于他确认了石鸟“让翅膀和脚合作地”攀登上干草堆(第40到42行)。Dial 之后创造了另外一个实验来研究鸟儿是如何应对越来越陡峭的斜坡的:“当这些鸟类跑上角度越发倾斜的有纹理的斜坡时,(他拍了下来)”A.B.D是不正确的,因为Dial的“恍然大悟”的时刻不是发生在他教小鸟飞行之后,也不发生在研究视频以确定为什么鸟儿不再跳跃之后,也不发生在向其它研究过石鸟的研究者请教之后。

  27. 文章把以下的哪一种因素当作增加幼石鸟对斜坡的牵引力的因素?

  A. 它们攀爬的速度

  B. 它们拍打的翅膀的位置

  C. 翅膀和脚的动作的交替

  D. 它们不断地拍打动作

  答案:B

  考点:推断题

  解析:Dial观察到石鸟跑上陡峭的斜坡,它们“开始拍打翅膀”并且“它们的拍打朝下、向后,其用力不是为了起飞,而是让它们的脚可以牢牢地压在斜坡上”。Dial 确认了它们拍打着的翅膀的位置增加了小石鸟对斜坡的牵引力。A.C. D. 是不正确的,因为文章并没有表明,石鸟的速度、翅膀和脚的交替运动或者持续的短跳动作增加了它们对斜坡的牵引力。

  28.第61行中的“记录”(document)最接近于

  A. 描画(portray)

  B. 记录(record)

  C. 出版(publish)

  D. 处理(process)

  答案:B

  考点:词汇题

  解析:第61到63行中,作者解释说Dial把他的科学发现称之为“WAIR,翅膀辅助的倾斜跑动,并且继续在广泛的物种中记录这种技术”。在这个语境中,Dial“记录”了WAIR技术广泛存在于无数的鸟类中。A.C.D.是不正确的,因为在这个语境中,“document”并不是描画、出版或者处理的意思。

  29. 从文中可以合理地推出关于滑翔动物的什么信息?

  A. 它们的幼鸟倾向于在它们的父母身旁拍打翅膀而不是其父母后面飞翔

  B. 它们的移动方法与地面鸟类相似

  C. 它们在地面上觅食多于在地面上栖息

  D. 它们攀爬斜坡时,不使用拍打翅膀的击打动作来辅助

  答案:D

  考点:推断题

  解析: 70行至74行中,作者解释说滑翔动物并不使用“拍打飞行击打”,或者WAIR,即翅膀辅助的斜坡跑动。因为石鸟,一种地面鸟类,适用WAIR技术来帮助攀爬上陡峭的斜坡,可以合理地推断滑翔动物并不适用WAIR来辅助攀爬斜坡。

  30.哪一个选项最好的证明了以上的问题的答案

  A.第4行到第6行(“They jumped…air”)

  B.第28到29行(“They really…traveling”)

  C.第57到59行( “The birds…slopes”)

  D.第72 到74行( “something…theory”)

  答案:D

  考点:因果关系题

  解析:在73至75行中,作者证明了“拍打飞行击打”是“滑翔动物不会做的事”。A.B.C. 并没有最好地证明滑翔动物并不使用怕打击打来辅助攀登斜坡。这些选项并不包含关于滑翔动物的信息。

  以上就是新SAT OG3阅读解析,相信对大家的备考有一定的帮助,预祝大家取得理想的成绩

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