SAT

长按二维码,轻松关注托福免费模考微信公众号

轻轻一按,托福水平早知道

轻轻一问,名师助你来备考

SAT考试OG4阅读解析(三)

信息来源:网络  发布时间:2016-06-06

  下面给大家分享的是新SAT考试OG4阅读解析,希望可以给考生一些参考,大家可以借鉴其中的答案解析,了解其中的解题方法。

  Questions 22-31 arc based on the following passage.

  This passage is adapted from Emily Anthes, Frankenstein's Cat. 02013 by Emily Anthes.

  When scientists first learned how to edit the genomes of animals, they began to imagine all the ways they could use this new power. Creating Lint brightly colored novelty pets was not a high priority.

  5 Instead, most researchers envisioned tar more consequential applications, hoping to create genetically engineered animals that saved human lives. One enterprise is now delivering on this dream. Welcome to the world of “pharming," in which

  10 simple genetic tweaks turn animals into living pharmaceutical factories.

  Many of the proteins that our cells crank out naturally make for good medicine. Our bodies' own enzymes, hormones, clotting factors, and antibodies

  15 are commonly used to treat cancer, diabetes,

  autoimmune diseases, and more. The trouble is that it’s difficult and expensive to make these compounds on an industrial scale, and as a result, patients can face shortages of the medicines they need. Dairy

  20 animals, on the other hand, arc expert protein producers, their udders swollen with milk. So the creation of the first transgenic animals—first mice, then other species—in the 1980s gave scientists an idea: What if they put the gene for a human antibody

  25 or enzyme into a cow. goat, or sheep? If they put the gene in just the right place, under the control of the right molecular switch, maybe the}- could engineer animals that produced healing human proteins in their milk. Then doctors could collect medicine by

  30 the bucketful.

  Throughout the 1980s and '90s, studies provided proof of principle, as scientists created transgenic mice, sheep, goats, pigs, cattle, and rabbits that did in fact make therapeutic compounds in their milk.

  35 At first, this work was merely gce-whiz, scientific geekery. lab-bound thought experiments come true. That all changed with ATryn, a drug produced by the Massachusetts firm GTC Biotherapeutics. ATryn is antithrombin, an anticoagulant that can be used to

  40 prevent life-threatening blood clots. The compound, made by our liver cells, plays a key role in keeping our bodies clot-free. It acts as a molecular bouncer, sidling up to dot-forming compounds and escorting them out of the bloodstream. But as many as 1 in

  45 2,000 Americans arc born with a gcnctic mutation that prevents them from making antithrombin.

  These patients arc prone to dots, especially in their legs and lungs, and they are at elevated risk of suffering from fatal complications during surgery

  50and childbirth. Supplemental antithrombin can reduce this risk, and GTC decided to try to manufacture the compound using genetically engineered goats.

  To create its special herd of goats, GTC used

  55 microinjcction, the same technique that produced GloFish and AquAdvantage salmon. The company's scientists took the gene for human antithrombin and injected it directly into fertilized goat eggs. Then they implanted the eggs in the wombs of female goats. cc When the kids were born, some of them proved to be transgenic, the human gene nestled safely in their cells. The researchers paired the antithrombin gene with a promoter (which is a sequence of DNA that controls gene activity) that is normally active in the

  65 goat’s mammary glands during milk production. When the transgenic females lactated, the promoter turned the transgene on and the goats’ udders filled with milk containing antithrombin. All that was left to do was to collect the milk, and extract and purify

  70 the protein. El ivild—human medicine! And. for GTC, liquid gold. ATryn hit the market in 2006, becoming the world’s first transgenic animal drug. Over the course of a year, the "milking parlors” on GTC's 300-acre farm in Massachusetts can collect

  75 more than a kilogram of mcdicine from a single animal.

  22.本文的主要目的是为了

  A. 展示了一项医疗突破的背景。

  B. 评估一项带来科学发现的研究。

  C. 总结一个长期的研究项目的发现。

  D. 解释一个科学研究分支的发展。

  答案:A

  考点:主旨题

  解析:第9到11行介绍了本文的关注点:“欢迎来到‘分子药物遗传工程’世界,在这里,简单的基因微调就可以把动物转化成活着的制药工厂”。本文然后讨论了“分子药物遗传工程”的时间发展过程,并且描述了ATryn,一种经过数十年的实验室实验生产出来的药物。

  23. 作者对分子药物遗传工程的态度最好描述为

  A. 担忧(apprehension)

  B. 模棱两可(ambivalence)

  C. 欣赏(appreciation)

  D. 震惊(astonishment)

  答案:C

  考点:态度题

  解析:作者对分子药物遗传工程保持欣赏,并且把它描述为把“动物转化为活着的药物工厂”(第10到11行)。在第70行中,当它描述分子药物遗传工程学的最终结果时,表达了对它的肯定的观点

  24.第20行中,“expert”的意思最接近于

  A. 博学的

  B. 内行的

  C. 有能力的

  D. 训练有素的

  答案:C

  考点:词汇题

  解析:在19行到21行之间,作者解释道牛奶厂的动物是“熟练的”,或者是有能力的,“蛋白质生产者”。

  25. 作者就1980年代到1990年代之间的转基因研究说了什么?

  A. 它们受限于动物研究的昂贵的特性。

  B. 人们并不期待从这些研究中生产能够应用于人类的产品。

  C. 当人们识别出一种抗凝血化学物的时,它们就完成了。

  D. 它们仅仅关注牛、山羊和羊的分子的性质。

  答案:B

  考点:推断题

  解析:第36行中作者解释道刚开始的转基因研究是“待在实验室里的思想实验”,这些最初的研究,换言之,被认为只有理论价值。人们不期待它们能够产生能够应用于人类的产品。A 和D是错误的,因为动物研究的成本和某些动物的分子性质本文并没有论及。C是错误的,因为本文并没有表明所有的转基因研究都聚焦于抗凝血药物。

  26. 哪一个选项为前一个问题的答案提供了最好的证据?

  A. 第16到19行(“The…trouble need”)

  B. 第25到29行(“If they…milk”)

  C. 第35到36行( “At first…true”)

  D. 第37到40行( “ That all…clots”)

  答案:C

  考点:证据题

  解析:第35到36行中作者提供证据说明人们并不期待1980年代到1990年代的转基因研究会产生能够应用于人类的产品。作者解释道,最初的转基因研究是“是厉害的科学痴迷者待在实验室里的思想实验”

  27.根据本文,以下关于抗凝血酶哪一个判断是对的?

  A. 它减少了会导致血凝的化合物。

  B. 它遏制了一个在人类中少见的基因突变。

  C. 它是一个被称为启动子的基因序列。

  D. 它在山羊的乳腺中生而有之。

  答案:A

  考点:推断题

  解析:42到44行解释道ATryn “就像一颗分子弹球,靠近那些凝血的化合物并把它们护送出血流之外”。抗凝血酶因此可以被看做是一个减少血管中危险的血凝的数量的能动体。

  28. 哪一个选项提供了上一个问题的答案的最好证据?

  A. 第12到16行( “Many…more”)

  B. 第42到44行( “It acts…bloodstream”)

  C. 第44到46行( “But as…antithrombin”)

  D. 第62到65行( “The researchers…production”)

  答案:B

  考点:证据题

  解析:第42到44行提供了证据说明抗凝血酶减少会导致血凝的化合物, 因为它“就像一颗分子弹球,靠近那些凝血的化合物并把它们护送出血流之外”。

  29. 以下哪一个选项是作者在59行中就“雌性山羊”谈到的内容?

  A. 它们分娩之后分泌抗凝血酶。

  B. 它们的生产的某些小羊不含有抗凝血酶基因。

  C. 它们是第一种接受微量注射的动物。

  D. 它们的细胞已经含有人类身上发现的基因。

  答案:B

  考点:关联题

  解析:第60到62行中,提及雌性山羊的生产的小山羊时说“它们中的部分将会被证实是转基因的,人类的基因安全地偎依在它们的细胞中”。 “它们中的部分”表明许多新生的山羊是转基因的,其它的不是。

  30. 第63到64行中括号中的信息的最可能的目的是什么?

  A. 说明一个抽象的概念。

  B. 描述一个新的假设。

  C. 澄清一个主张。

  D. 定义一个术语。

  答案:D

  考点:作用题

  解析:在63到64行中,括号被放置在“一个启动子”后面,这个括号里的内容的目的是定义术语“启动子”

  31. 第71行中的“液体的黄金”最直接地说明了

  A. 麻省生物技术公司投资了大笔的金钱用于微量注射技术。

  B. 麻省生物技术公司的挤奶客厅已经大大增加了奶水的产量。

  C. 转基因的山羊将会很快成为奶牛场奶农的珍贵的资产。

  D. ATryn 已经被证实是麻省生物技术公司的盈利产品。

  答案:D

  考点:推断题

  解析:黄金是一种有价值的高价的元素,所以把某物称为“液体黄金”暗示了它有巨大的价值。因为制药公司麻省生物技术公司正在生产这种药并销售之,可以推断把ATryn描述为“液体黄金”意味着它被证明为是麻省生物技术公司的一种利润高的产品。

  以上就是新SAT考试OG4阅读解析,希望可以对大家的备考有一定的帮助,更多内容请大家关注百利天下教育,预祝大家取得好成绩

  您还可能关注:

  SAT考试全面解读

  SAT2考试介绍

  SSAT考试全面解读

分享到:

相关推荐

SAT考试

<%@ include file="cs.jsp" %> <%CS cs = new CS(1254562809);cs.setHttpServlet(request,response); String imgurl = cs.trackPageView();%>