托福听力试题的难度主要体现在听力段子长,且不容易听到考点信息,这对疏于听力学习的中国学生来说是一个挑战。于是做好听力笔记就成了得分的关键,下面为大家介绍一下托福听力笔记技巧,希望对大家有所帮助。
在讲解听力笔记技巧与方法前,我们先看看哪些人需要记笔记。托福听力笔记技巧应该怎么去记实测分在0-15的考生,词汇量少,辨音能力差,基本听不懂对话、讲座。这一类考试建议不做笔记,通过训练,努力听懂主旨和可以掌握的部分。15-22分的考生词汇量中等,辨音还是有问题。这类考生可以斟酌记笔记,但还是建议以听懂为主。而22分以上的考生,在听有余力,做笔记确实不会影响听的情况下,可以有系统的做笔记。总结一下,重点是听为主、记为辅,切记主次不分。
那么托福笔记究竟如何做呢?怎样才是成功的笔记呢?
一份成功的笔记应该是符合出题原则、出题点设置的,这样的笔记才是有的放矢,而不会浪费时间、精力。托福听力基于仿真性原则与语用原则,考察考生在真实场景下理解说话人意图、篇章内涵、文本结构的测试。因此,按逻辑顺序记录才是托福听力测试的关键所在。从形式上看,适当的笔记符号、合适的分段分句法、及中英夹杂的方式有利于获取更多信息量;从内容上看,考生应当把握住篇章主旨、分论点、逻辑信号词和适当的事例,强调笔记的完整度。
以TPO18,L2的Ancient Roman Sculpture 为例,
“And today we’ll look at yet another category of sculpture-copies, Roman sculptors often made copies of famous Greek sculptures.
Why did they do that?
Well, no one knows for sure.”
这篇文章的基本逻辑链是首先引入topic,本文的主题是复刻自希腊的罗马雕塑,随后学生提问为何要复刻,而教授说我们目前还不太确定,但接着给出了几种解释。
“It’s probably fair to say that the Romans were impressed by Greek art and culture and they began making copies of the Greek statues.”
“Now the dominant view in traditional art history is that Roman artists lacked creativity and skill especially compared to the Greek artists who came before them. ”
“But finally some contemporary art historians have challenged this view. One is Elaine Gazda. Gazda says that there might be other reasons that Romans made copies.”
“That’s one of Gazda’s points. … Copying statues required a lot of skill, time and effort. So Gazda hypothesizes that copying didn’t indicate a lack of artistic imagination or skill on the part of Roman artists, but rather the Romans made copies because they admired Greek sculpture.”
“Gazda also believes that it’s been a mistake to dismiss the Roman copies as, well, copies for copy’s sake and not to consider the Roman function and meaning of the statues.”
以上四段是教授给出的四种原因,而事实上,这篇听力题目前四题分别是关于主旨、第二个原因、第三个原因和第四个原因的考察。在讲完原因后,教授讲到了罗马雕塑的特点,第五题则是对于这个特点的考察。
“And on some statues the heads were removable. They could put an emperor’s head on different bodies, showing him doing different things. And then later when the time came they could even use the head of the next emperor on the same body.”
说明托福出题确实是按照行为逻辑顺序的。因此这篇文章的笔记框架可以基于这种结构,根据加粗的信号词,表现为以下内容:
Para. 1: copies fr. Greek (这是文章主旨)
Para. 2: ?—X sure: 1. Impressed/ 2. Dorm.: lack 创/skill/ 3. Challenge- Gazda—admire; function & meaning (解释原因)
Para. 3: 可移--- headàdiff. bodies/head of next emperor à same body (进一步阐释)
总的来说,一份好的笔记绝不是信息的堆砌,而应当是结构清晰,包含必要的信息点,精炼且丰富的。这对于托福听力考试也是至关重要的,希望以上介绍的方法对大家备考托福有所帮助。
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