这篇文章主要讲的是经常的身体锻炼可以使端粒减缓缩短的速度与机率。端粒的长短会影响人们的身体健康。下面前程百利小编带大家一块看一下这篇托福听力背景材料中出现的生词，希望能给正在备考托福听力的同学带来帮助。
Telomeres(染色体终端)are parts of chromosomes(染色体) that protect the ends of the chromosomes(染色体). They’re often likened to the aglets(金属饰物) at the ends of shoelaces(鞋带). And like aglets (金属饰物)eventually crack(破裂), telomeres(染色体终端) tend to get shorter over time, with each division(分割) of the cell. But they can be topped off (结束)again by an enzyme(酶) called telomerase(染色体终端) reverse transcriptase(转录酶). Various age-related diseases are associated with shortened telomeres.
Elizabeth Blackburn won a Nobel Prize for her discoveries about telomeres and the telomerase (染色体终端)enzyme(酶). She recently did a Google Hangout with Scientific American editor-in-chief Mariette DiChristina, which included taking questions from attendees(参加者) via social media:
MD: “Can telomeres actually grow longer in response to exercise?”
EB: “Well, we don’t know if telomeres(染色体终端) actually grow with exercise. But what is known, I’ll give you a great example of a study. We didn’t do it. Twins. So they looked at twins. This is a big study. And they said, of the twins who’ve actually done exercise, the one who did exercise and the one who didn’t, so you’d be able to find a lot of twins it turns out, in that situation. And they said, who’s got the longer telomeres. And it was the twin who did some exercise. The one who didn’t had shorter telomeres. And yet their genes (基因)are the same. So you see, that tells you something quite nice.
“And of course, well, you say, was it really the exercise, or was it something else that was different between the twins. And that’s where epidemiology(流行病学研究) studies have to be done so carefully. But over and over again, we keep finding that same result—that the exercise is associated with a person who will have less telomere shortening. And so it looks like now it really is the exercise that’s somehow keeping the shortening process from being too fast.”
比较难的词汇汇总：
Telomeresn. 染色体终端(telomere的复数
Chromosome 染色体
Aglet n. 绳两端的金属箍;金属饰物
Shoelace 鞋带
Enzyme 酶
Transcriptase 转录酶
好了，以上就是前程百利小编为大家整理的“从托福听力背景材料中学单词—端粒长短与健康问题”这篇托福听力背景材料中的疑难词汇，希望在备考的路上助大家一臂之力。最后，小编祝大家在托福考试中取得好成绩！
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