托福听力中生物类是考试范围最广，考频最高的学科。而对于生物类中细菌方面的考试也是层出不穷。所以今天前程百利小编为大家介绍的是托福听力生物细菌。通过本篇文章的学习希望同学们不仅对已有的细菌类文章有所了解，还要掌握最新的细菌类文章。
最新一项研究表明，一些被编程的细菌可以用来检测肿瘤。这无疑是对医学界是一个好消息，那么下面就具体的来看一细菌是如何让检测出肿瘤的吧。
Sangeeta Bhatia of M.I.T. talks about efforts to get bacteria to home in on tumors (肿瘤)and let us know they're there.
Probiotics(益生菌) are hot. Bacteria that we consume in foods like yogurt, miso(味增) and pickles (咸菜)can help our gut micro biomes(生物群) stay happy and healthy. Now there might be another role for those probiotic bacteria: cancer detection. Two papers in the journal Science Translational Medicine explain how researchers hope to get bacteria to be diagnostic tools.
Sangeeta Bhatia of M.I.T. is a liver expert and senior author of one of the papers. Her lab had been trying to figure out how to get nanoparticles纳米粒子 to the liver that (that引导的定语从句)would send a signal detectable in urine if they encountered a tumor. Cancers that start in the colon or pancreas can metastasize to the liver, which can be deadly.
SB: “And one of the students on the team had the idea that if (if引导的条件状语从句)you can imagine that there's a material, a diagnostic material, that(that引导的定语从句) would grow itself then you wouldn’t need very much of it to arrive at the tumor and sort of self-amplify. And we realized that bacteria are in many ways just such a device. That they can naturally home in on tumors…so we thought maybe we can hijack that ability of bacteria to home in on tumors and self-amplify to create a urinary diagnostic诊断.”
Bhatia’s lab teamed up with a lab at the University of California, San Diego, with expertise in synthetic biology合成生物学—basically altering microbes细菌 to have specific functions.
SB: “So instead of just going out and finding natural strains that would colonize tumors and do what(what引导的宾语从句) wanted, we could pick strains that have good homing and then endow them with the capabilities that we were interested in.”
The two labs took a strain of E. coli called Nissle that is already used as a probiotic to help people with digestive(消化) issues. They programmed the bacteria to express a specific enzyme(酶) after it occupied liver tumors(肿瘤). If the bacteria colonized a tumor in mice, the mice would produce urine(尿) that, thanks to the enzyme, would turn red.
The system worked—the bacteria found tumors in mice known to have them, and the urine changed color, indicating(v-ing伴随状语) the presence of cancer. Cancer-free mice that also ate the engineered probiotics益生菌 showed no negative health effects a year later.
The technique is at this stage just a proof of concept, says Bhatia. But it’s got a lot of promise.
SB: “Well what we're really excited about the idea that(定语从句) you can take synthetic biology someday into both diagnostics 诊断学and also therapeutics治疗学. So in this particular case the circuit that (定语从句)we put the bacteria gave off a diagnostic signal that could be detected remotely. But you can also imagine and were working on circuits that give off chemotherapy that (定语从句)would kill the tumor directly. And making smart circuits do that in response of ways. And you can even imagine having mixtures of bacteria that do both diagnosis and therapy. So I think (省略that的宾语从句)there's really a whole world of possibilities once you start thinking about using bacteria as a platform upon which(定语从句) to engineer functions.”
文本框架：
益生菌在现代的生活中很是受欢迎。但是最新研究表明这些益生菌还可以检测出肿瘤。研究者们通过实验，想要给益生菌一些特定的角色。通过对小老鼠的实验，验证益生菌帮助人类解决消化问题的大肠杆菌。这种利用益生菌检测肿瘤的想法很不错，但还是需要更多的研究和实验。
好了。以上就是前程百利小编为大家总结的托福听力生物细菌类最新文章，希望对大家有所帮助。最后，小编预祝大家在托福考试中取得好成绩。
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