今天前程百利小编为大家分享的是托福听力TPO4学习笔记之lecture1。大家可以参考一下这些学习笔记，看看自己应该如何攻克托福听力。
一、难词注解
mating ritual求偶仪式
Displacement Activity[心理] 替换活动替代活动
Conflict n. 冲突，矛盾;斗争;争执vi. 冲突，抵触;争执;战斗
Groom打扮的，修饰的
irrelevant 离题，不相关的事物，枝节问题
circumstancesn. 情况(circumstance的复数);环境;情形
disinhibitionn. [生理] 去抑制;抑制解除;脱抑制
wood thrush画眉鸟
horizontal branch水平枝 水平支管
二、长难句分析
What’s interesting is that studies have been done that suggest that the animal’s environment may play a part in determining what kind of behavior it displays. 有趣的是，某些研究已经表明动物的生活环境也许对其会表现出什么行为有决定性的作用。
难句类型：what+主语从句，that+宾语从句
难句拆分：What’s interesting is that 主语从句，studies have been done that +宾语从句(suggest that +宾语从句)
三、考题对应考点
6.Ok, the next kind of animal behavior I want to talk about might be familiar to you. Displacement activities are activities that animal’s engaging in when they have conflicting drives.开头原则，一开头pro表明是要讲next kind of animal behavior I want…而之后的一连串解释后最终 得出今天要讲的animal behavior就是conflicting drives。对应C选项
7.这道题定位在displacement activities之后，是对它的一些举例，BC对，AD错
8.)And what happens is, they inhibit each other, they cancel each other out in a way, and a third seemingly irrelevant behavior surfaces through a process that we call ‘Disinhibition’. Now in disinhibition, the basic idea is that two drives that seem to inhibit, to hold back, a third drive.强调原则，what happens is和Disinhibition，这个此之前的内容就是它的定义所以选D
9.I mean, grooming is like one of the most accessible things an animal can do. It’s something they do all the time, and they have the stimulus right there on the outside of their bodies in order to do the grooming, or if food is right in front of them. Basically, they don’t have to think very much about those behaviors.强调原则，I mean后面的内容要注意，从 grooming is like one of the most accessible things an animal can do 中可以推断出 grooming 是十分convenient，所以选择B
10.For example, there’s a bird, the „wood thrush’, anyway, when the „wood thrush’ is in an attack-escape conflict, that is, it’s caught between the two urges to escape from or to attack an enemy, if it’s sitting on a horizontal branch, it’ll wipe its beak on its perch. If it’s sitting on a vertical branch, it’ll groom its breast feathers. The immediate environment of the bird, its immediate, um, its relationship to its immediate environment seems to play a part in which behavior will display.
举例原则，For example出现要弄清楚它是为了证明什么，Pro提到woodtrash的原因就是为了举例，而举例的目的就是为了证明环境会影响动物的 displacement activities。所以选择C
11.That’s really good suggestion, Karl. But that’s called ‘redirecting’. 这是重听的内容，转折原则，but后提出的是另一个内容，Pro说完这句话后便开始引入到这节课下一个环节，因此pro说这句话的目的就是为了提示学生，她即将进行到这节课的下一个环节。所以选择C
听力文本结构框架：
讲座主要讲的是矛盾驱使时动物的行为。先讲行为转移的含义和例子，接着说到转移发生的时候动物是面临着两种冲突的驱动和抑制解除。
好了，以上就是前程百利小编为大家整理的托福听力TPO4学习笔记之lecture1。相信大家一定有所收获，希望能在备考的路上助大家一臂之力。最后，小编预祝大家在托福考试中取得好成绩。
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