备考托福听力必须要积累一些背景知识，背景知识对托福听力的意义重大。今天前程百利的小编为大家分享的是来自SSS上面的一篇最新科技文章，这些材料都是学霸们备考托福的必备资料。小编从文章的词汇，句子，和文章结构三个方面为大家整理。
The Southern Ocean is the cloudiest place on Earth, a condition caused in part by phytoplankton(浮游植物) particles(微粒) kicked up(引起) by sea spray(海上的浪花).
The Southern Ocean, which surrounds Antarctica, is the cloudiest (多云的)place on Earth. It’s relatively free of humans. And the dust, pollen and spores(袍子) that float off more temperate(温和的) lands don’t make it that far south—making the Southern Ocean an ideal lab to study the natural formation of clouds.
"So this is a little bit like, if you want to hear someone talking, it's easier to hear them in a quiet room than in a room where a lot of other people are talking as well." Susannah Burrows is an atmospheric(大气的)scientist at Pacific Northwest National Lab in Washington.
The isolated (孤立的)signal (信号)Burrows and her colleagues wanted to 'hear' was how particles from floating phytoplankton (浮游植物)influence cloud droplet formation. They used computer models to simulate(模仿的) the stuff that seeds clouds over the Southern Ocean: particles(粒子) like sea salt; organic bits from phytoplankton kicked up by sea spray(浪花); and sulfates(硫酸盐), from the gases the critters(生物)emit(发出发射).
They compared those particulate simulations(模仿) to actual satellite(卫星)measurements of clouds. And they found that during the southern summer, when plankton bloom(水花), the phytoplankton may actually double (双倍的)cloud droplet formation. That in turn increases the reflectivity of the clouds, meaning more sunlight bounces back into space during the brighter summer months.
Almost like the Southern Ocean slips on a pair of sunglasses, just when it gets too bright? " That's an interesting analogy(类比)… um it's less like sunglasses and more like…" We later agreed—it’s more like the sunshade(遮阳伞) you unfold(打开) in your car in the summer months, to reflect hot sunlight back into the sky. The study is in the journal Science Advances. The goal, Burrows says, is to understand cloud formation, free from the influences of human pollution. "And that will help us to better understand the magnitude(大小) of changes in climate that are due to human impacts." And as the Arctic loses its ice—opening up a whole lot of new watery habitat for phytoplankton—she says the Arctic Ocean could someday have a cloudier(人造云) forecast, too.
长难句解析：
1. The Southern Ocean, which surrounds Antarctica, is the cloudiest (多云的)place on Earth.
难句类型：which引导的非限制性定语从句
句子主干：The Southern Ocean is the cloudiest (多云的)place
难句解析：which surrounds Antarctica整个句子作插入语，也是非限制性定语从句，修饰The Southern Ocean.
2. "So this is a little bit like, if you want to hear someone talking, it's easier to hear them in a quiet room than in a room where a lot of other people are talking as well."
难句类型：if引导的条件状语从句+where引导的地点状语
句子主干：it's easier to hear them
难句解析：if you want to hear someone talking，if引导的条件状语从句，修饰整个句子;还包含一个比较级easier than ;where a lot of other people are talking as well ，where引导的地点状语修饰a room.
文本框架结构：本文主要内容是研究发现的是南大洋是世界上云最多的地方，造成这一现象的原因是空气中弥漫着浮游植物的微颗粒太多，所以这个地方的云最多。
好了，以上就是前程百利小编为大家整理的托福听力学霸应该了如指掌的背景材料。相信大家一定有所收获，希望能在备考的路上助大家一臂之力。最后，小编预祝大家在托福考试中取得好成绩。
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