在托福听力考试中，除了需要有扎实的听力基础外，对各种材料的背景也需要去了解。虽然考试并不考察考生对托福听力背景知识的了解程度，但有这方面的基础必定能帮助理解文章，进而解题，因此平时广泛涉猎各类知识是非常有必要的。艺术是考试中常见的话题，可以分为绘画、音乐、文学、摄影、舞蹈等方面，有几个词在这类话题中经常出现。
Last time, we outlined how the Civil War finally got started. I want to talk today about the political management of the war on both sides: the north under Abraham Lincoln and the south under Jefferson Davis. An important task for both of these presidents was to justify for their citizens just why the war was necessary. In 1861, on July 4th, Lincoln gave his first major speech in which he presented the northern reasons for the war. It was, he said, to preserve democracy. Lincoln suggested that this war was a noble crusade that would determine the future of democracy through out the world. For him the issue was whether or not this government of the people, by the people could maintain its integrity, could it remain complete and survive its domestic foes. In other words, could a few discontented individuals and by that he meant those who led the southern rebellion, could they arbitrarily break up the government and put an end to free government on earth? The only way for the nation to survive was to crush the rebellion. At the time, he was hopeful that the war wouldn’t last long and the slave owners would be put down forever, but he underestimated how difficult the war would be. It would be harder than any the Americans had thought before or since, largely because the north had to break the will of the southern people, not just by its army. But Lincoln rallied northerners to a deep commitment to the cause. They came to perceive the war as a kind of democratic crusade against southern society.
以上是关于历史发展的托福听力材料，托福听力常考话题一般包括校园，历史，艺术，自然等方面，大家也可以从这个方向去积累一些背景词汇和背景知识，从而提高托福听力正确率。最后，小编预祝大家在托福考试中取得好成绩。
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