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Task 1
What do you think is the most effective way to find a job?
思路：干一行，爱一行
1.在找工作之前，应该努力提升自己的能力和专业水平(expertise...), 尽量让自己具备更多的技能。
2.最有效的找到工作的方式，应该是尽量早地找到自己的目标和喜欢的行业，并且在学校学习的时候就尽可能地夺取学习相关的知识，补充自己欠缺的能力。
3.如果在职，想要找到另外一份工作或者得到晋升的最好的方式，应该是竭尽全力把自己该干的工作做到完美，并做一些看似不该自己干的活儿，因为你永远不知道通过帮助他人或者积累自己不熟悉领域的知识，会在以后对自己有什么帮助。
4.通过社交网络去找工作，因为很多重要的职位是不会在网络上招聘的。
版本一：I think the most effective way to find a job is though social networks. Sometimes the best job positions are not posted on the internet or in newspapers. For example, when my sister was looking for a job in the financial world, she was looking at jobs posted on several famous job hunting websites, but most of jobs she could find were basic entry jobs. My sister had already worked in the market for a couple years, so she needed a higher-level position. Then she remembered her mentor at a bank where she once had been an intern. She contacted him and asked him if he could help her. He happened to know a CEO in a stock company who was looking for an assistant with experience. So she got the job. She couldn’t have done it without this important network.
版本二：
To find a job within a short period of time, the most effective way is to rely on the social network, friends, families and old colleagues. There are some reasons involved in the method. First of all, people I have spent time with may have a better comprehension of my pros and cons. Based on the understanding, they will find the work suits me the best. And in the recommendation of the proper vacancy, they will have a greater chance to convince the HR meet me rather than ordinary job hunters who have little knowledge of my capabilities except for the resume. Moreover, people who are willing to find me a job are those who concern me. As long as my families and friends are willing to find me a proper position, they are more reliable than job-hunting agencies, in consideration of the relationship.
Task 2
Some students prefer to study nine or ten months a year, others choose to be in school the whole year. Which do you think is better? Explain why.
思路：Studying 9 or 10 months
1.在学校里的学习时间，是相对非常高效的，生活和学校的生活应该平衡
2. 放假期间可以到处旅行，学到书本上学不到的东西
版本一： I definitely prefer to study for 9 or 10 months. I believe in study-life balance. If we spend all our time in school, we won’t have time to experience life outside. Students could use the 2 or 3 months to learn a new skill, travel, do community service, intern at a company, and so on. Those experiences are not something we can get by only studying at school. For example, I travel abroad every summer break and I’ve been to 15 countries so far and the number is increasing. I’ve learned so much about different cultures and even picked up a few interesting languages. All these could not have been achieved with a 12-month academic schedule.
版本二：
In comparison to those students who would like to stay on campus during the whole year, I choose to study nine or ten months a year. There are some reasons. First of all, I have to relax in the remaining months. Study is tiring and exhausting, and therefore I cannot stay focusing during the whole year. There must be some time for me, relaxing and enjoying myself. For example, I can have a trip with the families or hang out with friends. Moreover, a gap is to make good preparation for the following semester. When keeping learning, I have no time to meditate on what I have learned in class. On the contrary, during the break, I can regularly review the class content and therefore be more confident in the following semester.
Task3:
The school newspaper announced that the school gym should be closed during spring time for some minor renovations.
Reading:
1. There are not a lot of students on campus.
2. Other sports facilities are open to students like the field track.
Listening:Woman agrees
1.It won’t cause any inconveniences for students coz there won’t be a lot of students left on campus and for those who left will be very busy with school projects and assignments. For example, when she was staying on campus to finish up a project, she went to the gym only once and there was no one there.
2.Outdoor facilities are still available and students would like to exercise outsides because of the warm weather.
版本一：
The school plans to close the gym for 2 weeks during the spring break for some minor renovations. The woman in the conversation agrees. First, the renovations won’t cause much inconvenience because few students will stay on campus during the break. Those who do stay usually focus on their study and seldom use the gym. Like when she was staying on campus to finish up a project, she went to the gym once and no one was there. Second, outdoor facilities are still available if students do want to exercise. It is quite warm and actually perfect for outdoor activities.
版本二：
The university is to renovate the gym on campus during the spring break, as there are few students taking gyms during that period. Besides, all the outdoor sport equipment is still available. The speaker agrees with the announcement. There are two reasons. First of all, spring break is when almost all the students are busy with their paper and school work. There will be few students visiting the gym on campus. Moreover, as all the outdoor sport equipment is still available, whoever would like to do physical exercises can still have place to enjoy themselves. And also, spring is the perfect time for outdoor activities.
Task4：
Recuitment
Reading: Release signals to inform other insects to cool and cooperate.
Example: There is a type of ant called the fire ant living in South America that live in nests. Some ants have a special job: They have to leave the nests to find food. When one ant finds a piece of fruit that is too big or it to carry back, it will walk back while at the same time releasing a chemical, which will form a chemical trail on the way. When it arrives, other ants could follow the trail and find the fruit and then carry it back together.
版本一：Recruitment: Insects release signals to inform other insects to come and cooperate. For example, there is a type of ant called the fire ant that live in nests in South America. Some ants have a special job which is to leave the nests to find food. When one ant finds a piece of fruit too big for it to carry back, it will walk back to recruit more ants while releasing a chemical that forms a trail on the way. When it arrives, other ants can then follow the trail and find the fruit and then carry it back together.
版本二：
Recruitment describes a biological phenomenon that when one insect is in trouble, either dangerous or finding food source, it will release signals to recruit others insects for help.
The professor talked about the example of fire ant in South America. Some ants are assigned to find food source and when they manage it, instead of bringing back the food by themselves, which are usually too big, they will come bake to search help from companions, leaving chemicals on the road for trail. When coming back for food, the ants will follow the chemical trial and bring back the food together.
Task5:
Woman is working as a teaching assistant for professor Gilroy and she’s supposed to grade like 40 exams which is due the next day. But she forgot and she’s got other work to do tonight.
1.She can talk to her professor to reschedule the job
2.And she can also stay up late tonight for both of the tasks
版本一：
The woman is working as a teaching assistant for a professor and she’s supposed to grade like 40 exam sheets which is due the next day. But she forgot that she’s got other work to do tonight. The first solution is to talk to her professor to reschedule the job. The second solution is to stay up late for both tasks.
版本二：
The speaker has met a problem that she has to sort out the scores of graduates for the professor before the next day and also, she has got a paper due tomorrow. There are two solutions for her. First of all, she can ask the professor for more time, but she has promised and she doesn't want to leave the professor a bad impression. Secondly, she can stay up for both of the tasks, but she has classes to take in the coming day. Personally, I think the second solution is better. As she has to finish both of the tasks, she has to keep her promise and makes both tasks available before the deadline.
Task6: Term: Solidarity and how solidarity develops in different societies
1.Rural areas: where all the society members do the same kind of job. For example, people in rural areas are mainly farmers who will deal with basic job and so they share similar experience and worry about the same things like Growing crops and weather. Solidarity develops in this society because the same job creates a sense of unity.
2.Urban areas: Different divisions of job — doctors and carpenters. For instance, people in towns have different tasks like doctors and stuff. They are interdependent on each other. Like doctors cure disease and carpenters build houses. They depend on each to meet their own needs. So, solidarity develops in this kind of society because people depend on each other.
版本一： The professor talks about why solidarity develops in different societies.
One reason is that all society members do the same kind of job. For example, people in rural areas are mainly farmers who deal with basic work and so they share similar lives. Solidarity develops in this society because the same job creates a sense of unity.
The other reason is because of different divisions of job. For instance, people in town have different tasks like doctors and stuff, and they are interdependent. Solidarity develops in this kind of society because people depend on each other.
版本二：
Solidarity is unity that produces or is based on universities of interests, objectives, standards, and sympathies. In the lecture, the professor discusses two types of solidarity. The first one is formed when people are working together and sharing the same experience and challenges. For example, farmers usually do the same type of work. So they may share the same experience such as planting, harvesting and so forth. The other type is formed when each individual in the society depends on each other. For instance, people working in the town are involved in different types of professions like teachers, scientists, etc. These people work together and depend on each other. So, in different situations and societies, various factors may contribute to a sense of social solidarity.
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