托福阅读笔记。说到托福阅读备考，TPO是必不可少的备考神器，通过TPO练习来更好的适应阅读考试的节奏。本文小编带来的是TPO4 Deer Populations of the Puget Sound的学习笔记，希望能够与正在备考的大家一起进步。
TPO4 Deer Populations of the Puget Sound
文章题材：自然科学——生物学——影响两种鹿的数量的因素
文章结构：本文介绍普吉特海湾地区的两个主要鹿种和鹿群的实物状况，殖民者进入普吉特海湾地区后导致鹿群数量的整体下降，以及人类活动在长期上对两种鹿的不同影响及原因。
第一段：介绍普吉特海湾主要的两种鹿。
第二段：介绍鹿群的生活习性，其食物来源以及用迁徙来代替冬眠等。
第三段：人类进入使得鹿群数量减少。
第四段：人类活动对两种鹿群数量的影响。
第五段：黑尾鹿数量反弹的原因，主要是从三个方面来进行描述。
常见词汇：
Prevalent adj. 流行的;普遍的
Restrict vt. 限制;约束
be restricted to仅限于…;局限于…
marshy adj. 沼泽的;湿地的
Understory n.下层植被
Meadow n. 草地;牧场
Browse n. v.浏览;吃草
Harsh adj. 严厉的;严酷的
arboreal adj. 树木的
Fluctuate vt. 使波动;使动摇vi. 波动;
bemoan vt. 惋惜;为…恸哭vi. 叹息
succulent n. 肉质植物;多汁植物adj. 多汁的
Plightn. 困境;境况
Encroachvt. 侵犯vi. 侵占
题目设置：
本文中题型的分配是4道词汇题，3道事实信息题，句子插入题、句子简化题、文中总结题等，延续一贯的题目设置。文章结构识别略有难度，题目难度适中，看文章时注意分清文章结构，在解题时注意找准题干和文章内容的对应。
易错题解析：
Paragraph 3: The numbers of deer have fluctuated markedly since the entry of Europeans into Puget Sound country. The early explorers and settlers told of abundant deer in the early 1800s and yet almost in the same breath bemoaned the lack of this succulent game animal. Famous explorers of the north American frontier, Lewis and Clark arrived at the mouth of the Columbia River on November 14, 1805, in nearly starved circumstances. They had experienced great difficulty finding game west of the Rockies and not until the second of December did they kill their first elk. To keep 40 people alive that winter, they consumed approximately 150 elk and 20 deer. And when game moved out of the lowlands in early spring, the expedition decided to return east rather than face possible starvation. Later on in the early years of the nineteenth century, when Fort Vancouver became the headquarters of the Hudson's Bay Company, deer populations continued to fluctuate. David Douglas, Scottish botanical explorer of the 1830s, found a disturbing change in the animal life around the fort during the period between his first visit in 1825 and his final contact with the fort in 1832. A recent Douglas biographer states:" The deer which once picturesquely dotted the meadows around the fort were gone [in 1832], hunted to extermination in order to protect the crops."
5. The author tells the story of the explorers Lewis and Clark in paragraph 3 in order to illustrate which of the following points?
○The number of deer within the Puget Sound region has varied over time.
○Most of the explorers who came to the Puget Sound area were primarily interested in hunting game.
○There was more game for hunting in the East of the United States than in the West.
○Individual explorers were not as successful at locating games as were the trading companies.
题型：修辞目的题。答案是(A)
解析：从题干看出问题：举例是为了论证…根据人名定位到段落第三句“Famous explorers of the North American frontier, Lewis and Clark had experienced great difficulty finding game west of the Rockies and not until the second of December did they kill their first elk.”意思是：北美边境有名的探险者，Lewis和Clark在落基山西边很难找到捕猎动物并且直到12.2才捕到第一只鹿。这是一个例子，我们往前看发现是例子的引入句，再往前看段落首句“The numbers of deer have fluctuated markedly since the entry of Europeans into Puget Sound country.”意思是：路的数量自从欧洲人进入Puget Sound地区后就发生了显著的波动。这句话才是例子要支持的观点。
语法点：since引导的时间状语从句。
易错选项：(B)。
6. According to paragraph 3, how had Fort Vancouver changed by the time David Douglas returned in 1832?
○The fort had become the headquarters for the Hudson's Bay Company.
○Deer had begun populating the meadows around the fort.
○Deer populations near the fort had been destroyed.
○Crop yields in the area around the fort had decreased.
题型：事实信息题。答案是(C)
解析：根据时间定位到A recent Dougals biographer states: ‘The deer which once picturesquely dotted the meadows around the fort were gone [in 1832], hunted to extermination in order to protect the crops.最近Dougals的传记中写道：曾今在城堡周围漂亮地点缀在牧场上的鹿不见了【1832】，为了保护农作物它们被捕杀殆尽。所以选项C正确。
语法点：过去分词做结果状语。
易错选项：(D)。
以上就是小编带来的托福阅读笔记之TPO4 Deer Populations of the Puget Sound，希望能够和备考的大家一起学习。更多托福考试资讯请关注前程百利。
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