看到本篇文章标题，估计很多同学都是慕“托福阅读技巧”而来，首先咱们需要强调下，托福阅读根本上来讲是考察考生的真正的阅读理解能力水平，真正的阅读基础，大量的阅读理解，课后习题才是攻破阅读的根本方法，但是咱们这儿要求学生稍微灵光一些，切不可只求什么“法宝”。
托福阅读硬功夫——就好比豪杰乔峰的降龙十八掌是日积月累，扎扎实实的扎马步，勤练内功，最后修成的正果，叱咤风云，是领导武林群雄的泰山北斗，纯物理系，肉厚刀利，内功深厚，出掌正邪为辅，水火相济，所以不管乔峰碰到什么江湖八怪，丁春秋，鸠摩智，天山童姥，王重阳等高人，其都要全力以赴，奋力死磕(阅读通篇理解)，施展降龙硬功，胜人一筹。但是由于性情刚烈，没有任何交往技能，技巧，记得马夫人献殷勤，却遭到乔大侠冷血地拒门之外，还呵斥马夫人水性杨花，使马夫人颜面扫地闭目投怀八袋长老全冠清(乔大侠你哪怕委婉点也好)，纵然胸襟气吞山河，但也是人生经历坎坷悲壮，多受奸人算计;然则段誉，处世稍圆滑，机灵，没有深厚的内功，也就有一些技巧——被一灯大师点化短时间内被传授一阳指等玄幻技能，也就能欺负欺负南慕容，碰到鸠摩智这一难题，别说对抗了，仿佛给人以手无傅鸡之感，还被鸠摩智绑架逼迫写下“六脉神剑经”，不从，幸亏在阿朱阿碧的帮助下逃离鸠摩智的魔掌，之后段誉苦练内功，保护娇妻。
所以咱们可以得出结论：内功重要，但是也不能低头不语的死做题;灵光(技巧)一些，但是也要注重平时点点滴滴的积累。闲说一箩筐……
今日咱们重点放在事实信息题和否定事实信息题，二者孪生兄妹，一个是找正确的，一个是找错误的。先说事实信息题：这类问题在托福阅读考试中是占比重多的题型，每篇文章均有3-6个问题，大多考察的是对文中事实信息的理解程度，实际考察的是对英文句子进行改写的能力，对文中事实细节的理解和把握是否到位。一般只对应文章某一部分或某个段落的一句或两句话。从能力上说，这类问题实际考察的是对英文句子进行改写(paraphrasing)的能力。
技巧一：其实原句与正确选项之间一般存在三种关系：原文引用;同义替换(同义词/反义词/结构转换);对原句内容的提炼与概括。
原文引用一般是这样的：
原文中：These animal shows served as traveling zoos where many Americans saw their first exotic animals. The creatures made such an impression that American began to acquire new phrases
正确选项：According to the passage, one effect of traveling animal shows is that American acquired many new words and phrases.
该例就是对原文中内容的引用，其中引用的部分是American English acquired many new words and phrases。
同义替换一般是这样的：
原文：As a meteorological term, “eye” describes a circular region at the center of a severe wind storm.
正确选项：As a meteorological concept, “eye” refers to a round area in the middle of an extreme wind disturbance.
该例使用了同义词进行同意转述。term→concept; describes→refers to; circular region→round area; at the center of→in the middle of; severe wind storm→extreme wind disturbance。
再比如：原句Because this area is so small and irregular, it is difficult to observe.
选项People have difficulty observing this small and irregular area.
该句使用了结构转换进行同意转述。原句用Because组成一个明显的因果关系复句，而下面的句子运用have difficulty doing sth. 的句型表达了这一含义。
对原句内容的提炼与概括是这样的：
原句:Computing has spawned new forms of media, such as the worldwide network of millions of computers called the Internet.
正确选项：The computer generated the new communication medium, the Internet
该例就是对原句内容的一个提炼及重新改写。改写后的句子提炼了原句中最重要的内容即计算机发展出了新的媒体形式互联网，而省略了次要信息即互联网含义的详细解释。
技巧二：当然，做事实信息题时可以寻找关键词。因为做题的时候是需要依据原文的事实信息的。如果篇幅较短，可以全段通读，但是如果很长的大篇幅段落，所以找到问题的关键词才能回到原文找到问题所问的信息点在何处。找到问题关键词是做事实信息题的第一步。一般来说，关键词都是题干中的动词及其短语或者特殊的名词。定位之后就可以根据原文进行“搭配”。
1)根据问题中关键词定位
a 专有名词(人名，地名)
b 数字(年代)
c 特殊词(大写的词，斜体词, 带引号的词，专业术语等)
2)根据选项中的关键词定位
细节题要求的基本阅读技能是查读(scanning), 即根据问题中的关键词定位原文包含关键词的句子，然后再选项中找出原文句子的同义句进行替换。)
技巧三：细节题的干扰选项有以下特征：
1)自相矛盾：选项的内容与原文不符
2)无中生有：选项内容文章从未提及
3)混淆视听:
a 比较级：选项出现原文没有的比较级，最高级或其他绝对化论述(only)。
b 范围、程度：选项中的限定词表示的范围或程度与文中所提的范围或程度不同。
c 张冠李戴：原文中说甲事务有某特征，但选项挪到了乙事物身上。
针对今日列举的三种重要点，咱们解读以下真题：
例题一详解：
Sculptures must, for example, be stable, which requires an understanding of the properties of mass, weight distribution, and stress. Paintings must have rigid stretchers so that the canvas will be taut, and the paint must not deteriorate, crack, or discolor. These are problems that must be overcome by the artist because they tend to intrude upon his or her conception of the work. For example, in the early Italian Renaissance, bronze statues of horses with a raised foreleg usually had a cannonball under that hoof. This was done because the cannonball was needed to support the weight of the leg. In other words, the demands of the laws of physics, not the sculptor's aesthetic intentions, placed the ball there. That this device was a necessary structural compromise is clear from the fact that the cannonball quickly disappeared when sculptors learned how to strengthen the internal structure of a statue with iron braces (iron being much stronger than bronze).
According to this paragraph, sculptors in the Italian Renaissance stopped using cannonballs in bronze statues of horses because
A They began using a material that made the statues weigh less
B They found a way to strengthen the statues internally
C The aesthetic tastes of the public had changed over time
D The cannonballs added too much weight to the statues
首先来说：如果是乔峰这类选手，估计从开头一直读，攻克每个单词词组和意思，真正的competitor,但是，毕竟考试时候平均每道题的时间大约是一分多钟，尤其是这道题，前面说的内容很晦涩，Sculptures must, for example, be stable, which requires an understanding of the properties of mass, weight distribution, and stress. Paintings must have rigid stretchers so that the canvas will be taut, and the paint must not deteriorate, crack, or discolor. These are problems that must be overcome by the artist because they tend to intrude upon his or her conception of the work什么rigid stretcher,什么taut等等，如果字斟句酌的理解真还浪费大把时间，这样的话，还不如略读，这儿大致讲sculpture的特征，什么特征大致有个印象。
其次，所以咱们首先需要做的是看此题问什么：According to this paragraph, sculptors in the Italian Renaissance stopped using cannonballs in bronze statues of horses because ()，这里面的关键词应该是特殊的名词renaissance,所以咱们先定位到for example后面的内容即可，当然如果能领略到for example前面内容大致再讲sculpture的特征更好了。
再者，在之后的意思For example, in the early Italian Renaissance, bronze statues of horses with a raised foreleg usually had a cannonball under that hoof. This was done because the cannonball was needed to support the weight of the leg. In other words, the demands of the laws of physics, not the sculptor's aesthetic intentions, placed the ball there。我们要知道这句话是对物理定律的概述，知道一个中心意思：铜马雕塑蹄下的铁球是为了支撑重量，不为了好看。起码要理解这里，如果不理解，只能去搞定基础阅读的单词语法等等了，这里不详细的说意思了。
然后，所以刚才那个句子当中主要说了用铁球的目的，但是本题题目试问后期不用了是怎么回事儿。所以还得往后读：That this device was a necessary structural compromise is clear from the fact that the cannonball quickly disappeared when sculptors learned how to strengthen the internal structure of a statue with iron braces (iron being much stronger than bronze).这里面其实大多考察的是对英文句子进行改写的能力，让我们看是否这句话能懂。这也可以说是个长难句：如果不细分析，起码我们看到又一个关键词“cannonball quickly disappeared”，这句话正是题干中的“stopped using cannonballs”，有这个信息，说明答案很可能在这里找了。
那么，如果that this device……这句话确实不理解或者时间确实不够了，咱们可以看内容都说了那些内容， “strengthen the internal structure of a statue with iron braces”，这样大致可能断定跟什么internal structure有关系，所以选择B项“they found a way to strengthen the statues internally”发现一种增强内部结构的方法，二者是同意替换的关系，就能得出答案。
所需知道的是，当然托福考试要求我们要对这句话要理解关键句“That this device was a necessary structural compromise is clear from the fact that the cannonball quickly disappeared when sculptors learned how to strengthen the internal structure of a statue with iron braces (iron being much stronger than bronze)”否则依然具有一定危险性。That this device was a necessary structural compromise is clear。这是一个主语从句，这个铁球只是一个妥协的不得已的方法是肯定的，从一个事实当中知道，什么样的事实呢，fact后面都是同位语从句说明fact的内容——当可以加强内容结构就可以解决的话，不用铁球了。
最后，确定选B， 排除法其实是由于认定其他选项错误而选择某一正确选项的做题策略，因此，从本质上讲，排除法是一个“核对选项正误”的思路，细节题应该是关注“选项是否符合题干”的一种题型。换句话说，其实细节题不是很适合用排除法来解答。
例题二略解：
It was not until enterprising sea captains imported exotic animals to sell to traveling showmen that words such as lion or polar bear had much meaning to Americans. In 1789 the first large collection of exotic wild animals was put on permanent exhibit in New York. By the 1830s, most circuses had a collection of animals that generally included elephants, camels, lions, tigers, kangaroos, and apes. These animal shows served as traveling zoos where many Americans saw their first exotic animal. The creatures made such an impression that Americans began to acquire new phrases.
According to the passage, what was one effect of traveling animal shows?
A New laws regulated the importation of exotic animals
B There was an increase in popular forms of entertainment.
C People worked to improve the living conditions of animals.
D Americans acquired many new words and phrases.
答案：D
解析：首先运用定位关键词的方法在文中找出题干关键词traveling animal shows，不难定位出在倒数第二句中就提到了animal shows served as traveling zoos。而后面的句子在选项D中得到了原文引用，因此关键词契合。而选项A中的关键词new laws, 选项B中的关键词popular forms of entertainment，选项C中的关键词living conditions of animals在原文中均未提及，因此为错误选项。
例题三略解：
The eye of a hurricane and the eye of a tornado share one thing in common, that being the air circulating around them moves in a counterclockwise direction. Hurricanes are much bigger than tornadoes and their "eye" or center is much larger also. The eye of a hurricane can be several miles across, even as much as 50 or more miles in diameter, while the eye of a tornado may be only a few feet or yards in diameter. Winds in the eye of a hurricane are light and variable, becoming almost calm as you approach the center of the eye. The center of a tornado is very chaotic, and not well-defined. Theoretically, the wind speeds at the center of the tornado approach zero also, but because the area is so small and irregular that it is difficult to observe.
According to the passage, which is true about the center of the tornado?
A People have difficulty observing the wind speeds in this small and irregular area.
B The air circulating around it moves in a clockwise direction.
C It is 5 yards in diameter.
D It is totally different from the hurricane.
答案：A
解析：在段落中定位the center of the tornado和其同义词可得到下列几条信息。首先，和飓风的风眼一样，二者周围的气流都是逆时针方向的;其次，其直径只有几英尺或几码宽;再次，龙卷风的风眼非常混乱;最后，其中的风力由于空间很小且不规则而很难观察到。根据这几条信息可以看出B C D三个选项与原文不符或并未提及，因此是错误选项。
接下来简单地说下负面事实信息题这位孪生妹,也可以叫做排除列举题，其题干的特征是EXCEPT。该题也是对于文章事实细节的理解和把握。这一类型题目的难度在于可能需要读完 整段甚至整篇文章才能找到全部有用的信息，因此做题时间会加长。 为了解决上面提到的问题，在做排除列举题时可利用题干的关键词在原文定位，再利用选项中的关键词在原文定位，把原文没有提及的选项排除，因此解题顺序为： 题干关键词 → 各选项关键词 → 原文定位。可以采用排除法解这类题。就不做详细解读了，因为和事实信息题比较类似，都是同父异母所生，差别也差不到哪儿去。
以上就是前程百利老师带来的托福阅读技巧，希望大家在托福备考中继续加油，可能的话，加入百利队伍，你会领略更多精彩。
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