托福阅读事实信息题是阅读考试中比较常见的一种题型，tpo则是托福阅读备考最权威的材料，所以托福小编综合二者，为大家集中整理了tpo阅读中考察的事实信息题及其对应的解析，供大家参考使用。本文带来的是TPO16-3的事实信息题，一起来看看吧。
TPO16-3 Development of the Periodic Table
paragraph 1
The periodic table is a chart that reflects the periodic recurrence of chemical and physical properties of the elements when the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number (the number of protons in the nucleus). It is a monumental scientific achievement, and its development illustrates the essential interplay between observation, prediction, and testing required for scientific progress. In the 1800's scientists were searching for new elements. By the late 1860's more than 60 chemical elements had been identified, and much was known about their descriptive chemistry. Various proposals were put forth to arrange the elements into groups based on similarities in chemical and physical properties. The next step was to recognize a connection between group properties (physical or chemical similarities) and atomic mass (the measured mass of an individual atom of an element). When the elements known at the time were ordered by increasing atomic mass, it was found that successive elements belonged to different chemical groups and that the order of the groups in this sequence was fixed and repeated itself at regular intervals. Thus when the series of elements was written so as to begin a new horizontal row with each alkali metal, elements of the same groups were automatically assembled in vertical columns in a periodic table of the elements. This table was the forerunner of the modern table.
2. According to paragraph 1, what pattern did scientists notice when the known elements were written in order of increasing atomic mass?
A. The elements of the group of alkali metals were the first elements in the order of increasing atomic mass.
B. Repetition of the same atomic masses for elements in different groups appeared.
C. Elements with similar chemical properties appeared in the listing at regular intervals.
D. Elements were chemically most similar to those just before and after them in the order.
解析：以increasing atomic mass做关键词定位至倒数第三句，说把元素按照原子量增加的顺序排布，发现相邻元素属于不同的族，族的顺序是固定的，每隔固定数量的元素会重现。所以正确答案是C。A的alkali metals，B的same atomic mass原文都没说;D说相邻元素性质相近与原文相反
【1】元素周期表是按原子序数(元素原子核中质子的数量)由小到大依次排列，反映化学周期性和元素的物理特征的图表。这一科学发现具有里程碑的意义，它进一步证明了科学探索过程中观察、预测和实证之间的根本联系。19世纪一开始，科学家们不断探索新的元素。到19世纪60年代后期，已经发现了60种以上的化学元素，而许多描述性化学被认知。人们提出各种建议，认为该基于化学和物理特征的相似性将化学元素排列成组。他们接下来又证实了元素的族群特性(物理或是化学相似性)和原子质量(一种元素的单个原子的测量质量)之间存在联系。当时元素还是按照原子质量从小到大排列，人们发现，一些具备连续性的元素却分属不同的化学组，并且发现在这种排列方式下，元素群组的顺序是固定的且定期重复。因此，当每一新行都以碱性金属元素开始并逐步将这一系列的元素排列出来时，元素周期表中同一组中的元素就会自动归入一个垂直纵列中。这个表格就是现代元素周期表的雏形。
paragraph 2
When the German chemist Lothar Meyer and (independently) the Russian Dmitry Mendeleyev first introduced the periodic table in 1869-70, one-third of the naturally occurring chemical elements had not yet been discovered. Yet both chemists were sufficiently farsighted to leave gaps where their analyses of periodic physical and chemical properties indicated that new elements should be located. Mendeleyev was bolder than Meyer and even assumed that if a measured atomic mass put an element in the wrong place in the table, the atomic mass was wrong. In some cases this was true. Indium, for example, had previously been assigned an atomic mass between those of arsenic and selenium. Because there is no space in the periodic table between these two elements, Mendeleyev suggested that the atomic mass of indium be changed to a completely different value, where it would fill an empty space between cadmium and tin. In fact, subsequent work has shown that in a periodic table, elements should not be ordered strictly by atomic mass. For example, tellurium comes before iodine in the periodic table, even though its atomic mass is slightly greater. Such anomalies are due to the relative abundance of the "isotopes" or varieties of each element. All the isotopes of a given element have the same number of protons, but differ in their number of neutrons, and hence in their atomic mass. The isotopes of a given element have the same chemical properties but slightly different physical properties. We now know that atomic number (the number of protons in the nucleus), not atomic mass number (the number of protons and neutrons), determines chemical behavior.
4. What reason does the author provide for the claim that 'Mendeleyev was bolder than Meyer"?
A. Mendeleyev corrected incorrect information Meyer had proposed.
B. Mendeleyev assumed that some information believed to be true about the elements was incorrect.
C. Mendeleyev argued that Meyer had not left enough gaps in the periodic table.
D. Mendeleyev realized that elements were not ordered by atomic mass in the periodic table
解析：修辞目的题，先找到两个人名，说门捷列夫比梅伊尔更胆儿大，他推测如果用来在周期表中排序的原子量与元素周期律互相冲突的时候，就说明原子量错了，也就是选项B说的门捷列夫认为以前被大家所认识到的一些东西是错的。两个人的意见是一样的，只是门捷列夫更进一步，所以A和C说两者的意见有差异不对;D说不是按原子量排序的错
【2】当德国化学家迈耶(Lother Meyer)和(彼此独立的)俄国化学家门捷列夫在1869年到1870年间首次发布元素周期表时，有三分之一的天然化学元素还没被发现。然而这两位化学家都极富远见，他们在周期表上留白，对元素物理性和化学性的分析空白处还有新的元素有待发现。门捷列夫比迈耶更为大胆，他甚至做出假设，如果周期表按原子质量排列，但元素位置不对的话，那么原子质量也是错的。在某些情况下，这个设想是正确的。以铟为例，先前测量出铟的原子质量在砷和硒之间。但是因为在周期表中这两个元素之间没有缝隙，由此门捷列夫提出铟的原子质量变为截然不同的一个值，这样就可以将其置于镉和锡之间的空位。事实上，接下来的研究表明，元素周期表中元素不能严格按照原子质量排列。例如，尽管碲的原子质量比碘略大，但在元素周期表中，它却排在碘前面。出现这种反常现象，主要是因为相对丰富的“同位素 ”或者各种元素的多样性。同一元素的所有同位素具有相同的质子数，但中子数不同，因此它们的原子质量也不一样。一个特定元素的同位素具有相同的化学特征，但在物理性质上有一些细微差异。现在我们知道，是原子数目(原子核中质子的数量)而非原子质量(质子和中子的数量)决定着元素的化学性质。
5. According to paragraph 2, why did Mendeleyev suggest changing the atomic mass of indium?
A. Because indium did not fit into the periodic table in the place predicted by its atomic mass
B. Because there was experimental evidence that the atomic mass that had been assigned to indium was incorrect
C. Because there was an empty space between cadmium and tin in the periodic table
D. Because the chemical properties of indium were similar to those of arsenic and selenium
解析;以changing the atomic mass of indium做关键词定位至第六句，说由于元素周期表中砷和硒之间没有空位，所以铟的原子量是错的。因为前面说如果原子量把元素放错了位置，就说明原子量是错的，后一句是为了证明这个观点的，所以答案是A。B的experimental evidence和D的化学性质相似原文都没说;C有space与原文相反
【2】当德国化学家迈耶(Lother Meyer)和(彼此独立的)俄国化学家门捷列夫在1869年到1870年间首次发布元素周期表时，有三分之一的天然化学元素还没被发现。然而这两位化学家都极富远见，他们在周期表上留白，对元素物理性和化学性的分析空白处还有新的元素有待发现。门捷列夫比迈耶更为大胆，他甚至做出假设，如果周期表按原子质量排列，但元素位置不对的话，那么原子质量也是错的。在某些情况下，这个设想是正确的。以铟为例，先前测量出铟的原子质量在砷和硒之间。但是因为在周期表中这两个元素之间没有缝隙，由此门捷列夫提出铟的原子质量变为截然不同的一个值，这样就可以将其置于镉和锡之间的空位。事实上，接下来的研究表明，元素周期表中元素不能严格按照原子质量排列。例如，尽管碲的原子质量比碘略大，但在元素周期表中，它却排在碘前面。出现这种反常现象，主要是因为相对丰富的“同位素 ”或者各种元素的多样性。同一元素的所有同位素具有相同的质子数，但中子数不同，因此它们的原子质量也不一样。一个特定元素的同位素具有相同的化学特征，但在物理性质上有一些细微差异。现在我们知道，是原子数目(原子核中质子的数量)而非原子质量(质子和中子的数量)决定着元素的化学性质。
paragraph 3
Mendeleyev went further than Meyer in another respect: he predicted the properties of six elements yet to be discovered. For example, a gap just below aluminum suggested a new element would be found with properties analogous to those of aluminum. Mendeleyev designated this element "eka-aluminum" (eka is the Sanskrit word for "next") and predicted its properties. Just five years later an element with the proper atomic mass was isolated and named gallium by its discoverer. The close correspondence between the observed properties of gallium and MendeleyeVs predictions for eka-aluminum lent strong support to the periodic law. Additional support came in 1885 when eka-silicon, which had also been described in advance by Mendeleyev, was discovered and named germanium.
9. Paragraph 3 suggests that Mendeleyev predicted the properties of eka-aluminum on the basis of
A. the atomic mass of aluminum
B. the position of the gap in the periodic table that eka-aluminum was predicted to fill
C. the similarity of eka-aluminum to the other five missing elements
D. observation of the properties of gallium
解析：以eka-aluminum做关键词定位至第三句，但这句话只说了预测了eka的性质，没说根据什么预测的，看上一句，说eka是铝之下的那个空格里的元素，而且跟铝性质相似，所以答案是B，eka要填的那个空格。A铝的原子量C另外五个没发现的元素D的gallium原文都没说
【3】门捷列夫在另一个研究上也比迈耶更为深入：他预测还有六种元素的性质待被发现。例如，就在铝下面有一个空位，这表明还有一个性质和铝类似的新元素存在。门捷列夫将该元素定义为“铝下元素 ”(eka是梵语词，意思是 “下一个”)并且还预测了其性质。仅仅5年之后，原子质量相吻合的元素就被分离出来，发现者将其命名为“镓”。镓所表现出的特性和门捷列夫对“铝下元素”的预测一一对应，这为元素法则提供了一个强有力的依据。还有一个例证，1885年发现“硅下元素”，同样为门捷列夫所预测，后来命名为锗。
以上就是托福阅读TPO16-3中的事实信息题及其解析，大家可以在备考的时候参考复习，希望能够帮助大家的考前准备。最后前程百利祝大家都能取得理想的托福考试成绩。
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