托福阅读事实信息题是阅读考试中比较常见的一种题型，tpo则是托福阅读备考最权威的材料，所以托福小编综合二者，为大家集中整理了tpo阅读中考察的事实信息题及其对应的解析，供大家参考使用。本文带来的是TPO18-2的事实信息题，一起来看看吧。
TPO18-2 The mystery of yawning
paragraph 1
According to conventional theory, yawning takes place when people are bored or sleepy and serves the function of increasing alertness by reversing, through deeper breathing, the drop in blood oxygen levels that are caused by the shallow breathing that accompanies lack of sleep or boredom. Unfortunately, the few scientific investigations of yawning have failed to find any connection between how often someone yawns and how much sleep they have had or how tired they are. About the closest any research has come to supporting the tiredness theory is to confirm that adults yawn more often on weekdays than at weekends, and that school children yawn more frequently in their first year at primary school than they do in kindergarten.
2. In paragraph 1. what point does the author make about the evidence for the tiredness theory of yawning?
A. There is no scientific evidence linking yawning with tiredness.
B. The evidence is wide-ranging because it covers multiple age-groups.
C. The evidence is reliable because it was collected over a long period of time.
D. The evidence is questionable because the yawning patterns of children and adults should be different.
解析：接上题，第一句说传统理论认为打呵欠与累和无聊有关，这正是本题问的tiredness theory，所以往下看，下一句说没有证据证明这个理论，所以答案是A，原文明确说没有证据，BCD都说有evidence，错
【1】根据传统理论，当人们无聊或者困倦时就会打哈欠。伴随睡眠不足或无聊的是浅呼吸，而浅呼吸会降低血液中氧的含量。打哈欠可以通过深呼吸逆转这一点，增加血液中氧的含量从而达到提高警觉性的功能。但遗憾的是，少量关于打哈欠的科学研究并没有找到任何打哈欠频率与个人睡眠时长或者疲劳程度之间的联系。最近所有用于支持疲劳理论的研究是为了确认成人在工作日比在周末打哈欠的频率更高;学生在小学一年级比在幼儿园时打哈欠的频率要高。
paragraph 3
A completely different theory holds that yawning assists in the physical development of the lungs early in life, but has no remaining biological function in adults. It has been suggested that yawning and hiccupping might serve to clear out the fetus s airways. The lungs of a fetus secrete a liquid that mixes with its mother's amniotic fluid Babies with congenital blockages that prevent this fluid from escaping from their lungs are sometimes born with deformed lungs. It might be that yawning helps to clear out the lungs by periodically lowering the pressure in them. According to this theory, yawning in adults is just a developmental fossil with no biological function. But, while accepting that not everything in life can be explained by Darwinian evolution, there are sound reasons for being skeptical of theories like this one, which avoid the issue of what yawning does for adults. Yawning is distracting, consumes energy and takes time. It is almost certainly doing something significant in adults as well as in fetuses. What could it be?
8. According to the developmental theory of yawning presented in paragraph 3. what is the role of yawning?
A. It causes hiccups which aid in the development of the lungs.
B. It controls the amount of pressure the lungs place on other developing organs
C. It prevents amniotic fluid from entering the lungs.
D. It removes a potentially harmful fluid from the lungs
解析：以developmental theory做关键词定位至第一句，说打呵欠在生命的早期是有用的，但对成人没用，但这句只是单纯在说理论，往下看。下一句说打嗝和打呵欠能帮助胎儿清理呼吸道，所以答案是D。A明显没说;B的other developing organ没说;C的prevent没说
【3】一个完全不同的理论认为，打哈欠有助于早期肺部的发育，但是对于成年人来说并无任何生理功效。这也暗示了打哈欠和打嗝或许能够清理胎儿的呼吸道。胎儿的肺会分泌一种混合着母亲羊水的液体。当患有先天性肺不张的婴儿的肺部阻止这种液体从肺中流出时，这些婴儿出生时肺部就会变形。打哈欠很可能是通过周期性的降低肺部压力，帮助清除肺部中的这些液体。按照该理论，成年人打哈欠只是一个没有生理功效的发育阶段的化石。但是，当人们已认同达尔文的进化论并不能解释所有现象时，我们有充分的理由去怀疑这一没有解释成年人打哈欠的问题的理论。打哈欠是分散精力的，费时又耗力。但是，几乎可以肯定是，打哈欠不仅对胎儿，对成年人也有重要的作用。那么，究竟是什么作用呢?
9. Paragraph 3 supports which of the following statements about the developmental theory of yawning?
A. The theory is attractive because it explains yawning from the perspective of Darwinian evolution
B. The theory is unsatisfactory because it cannot explain the lung deformities of infants
C. The theory is questionable because it does not explain why a useless and inconvenient behavior would continue into adulthood
D. The theory is incomplete because it does not explain all the evolutionary stages in the development of yawning
解析：此题排除法较容易解，理由是问到整段可以看首句，但首句我们刚才已经看过了，没用。B的lung deformity做关键词定位至第四句，但完全没说是否解释;C的adulthood做关键词定位至第六句，说承认打呵欠没用，接着又说这个理论是值得怀疑的，所以答案是C，没解释为什么没用的呵欠一直保留到成人时期，同时说明A说这个理论attractive是错的;D的evolutionary stage原文完全没说，不选
【3】一个完全不同的理论认为，打哈欠有助于早期肺部的发育，但是对于成年人来说并无任何生理功效。这也暗示了打哈欠和打嗝或许能够清理胎儿的呼吸道。胎儿的肺会分泌一种混合着母亲羊水的液体。当患有先天性肺不张的婴儿的肺部阻止这种液体从肺中流出时，这些婴儿出生时肺部就会变形。打哈欠很可能是通过周期性的降低肺部压力，帮助清除肺部中的这些液体。按照该理论，成年人打哈欠只是一个没有生理功效的发育阶段的化石。但是，当人们已认同达尔文的进化论并不能解释所有现象时，我们有充分的理由去怀疑这一没有解释成年人打哈欠的问题的理论。打哈欠是分散精力的，费时又耗力。但是，几乎可以肯定是，打哈欠不仅对胎儿，对成年人也有重要的作用。那么，究竟是什么作用呢?
paragraph 4
The empirical evidence, such as it is, suggests an altogether different function for yawning—namely, that yawning prepares us for a change in activity level. Support for this theory came from a study of yawning behavior in everyday life. Volunteers wore wrist-mounted devices that automatically recorded their physical activity for up to two weeks: the volunteers also recorded their yawns by pressing a button on the device each time they yawned. The data showed that yawning tended to occur about 15 minutes before a period of increased behavioral activity. Yawning bore no relationship to sleep patterns, however. This accords with anecdotal evidence that people often yawn in situations where they are neither tired nor bored, but are preparing for impending mental and physical activity. Such yawning is often referred to as "incongruous" because it seems out of place, at least on the tiredness view: soldiers yawning before combat, musicians yawning before performing, and athletes yawning before competing. Their yawning seems to have nothing to do with sleepiness or boredom—quite the reverse—but it does precede a change in activity level.
11. The study of yawning behavior discussed in paragraph 4 supports which of the following conclusions?
A. Yawning is associated with an expectation of increased physical activity.
B. Yawning occurs more frequently when people are asked to record their yawning.
C. People tend to yawn about fifteen minutes before they become tired or bored
D. Mental or physical stress tends to make people yawn
解析：问整段的结论，看开头句，说事实证明，打呵欠的作用是表面活动水平的变化，所以答案是A，increased activity;BCD都完全没说，而且也不是整段的结论
【4】经验结果表明，虽然如此，打哈欠确实有着完全不同的功能——换而言之，我们打哈欠是为活动水平的变化而做的准备。一个“对日常生活中打哈欠行为的研究”支撑了这一论断。志愿者在手腕上携带一种装置，这一装置会自动记录他们在两周里的身体活动情况。另外，志愿者也要通过点击装置上的按钮来记录自己每一次打哈欠的情况。数据显示，打哈欠大多在增强性行为活动的15分钟前发生。但同时指出，打哈欠与睡眠状态没有关系。这一论断符合坊间的传闻：人们通常是既不疲惫也不无聊，但要准备接下来的脑力活动和体力活动时才会打哈欠。这样的哈欠通常被认为是“不协调的”，因为至少从疲倦状态下的角度看，这样的哈欠似乎与疲惫无关：比如战士们在开始战斗前会打哈欠;音乐家在表演前会打哈欠;运动员在比赛前会打哈欠。他们的哈欠看上去似乎与困倦、疲乏无关，但是恰恰相反，这一行为的确出现在了活动水平的变化之前。
以上就是托福阅读TPO18-2中的事实信息题及其解析，大家可以在备考的时候参考复习，希望能够帮助大家的考前准备。最后前程百利祝大家都能取得理想的托福考试成绩。
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