托福阅读长难句历来是阅读的难点，想要攻克长难句必须注意在平时进行积累。这次为大家整理了托福阅读长难句详解120句，对每个句子的结构都进行了详细解析，本文带来的是81-85，大家可以在备考中进行学习。
81.The warp was always made of willow，and the most commonly used welt was sedge root—a woody fiber that could easily be separated into strands no thicker than a thread.
(a woody fiber作sedge root的同位语)
经向篾条总是用柳条做成，使用最多的横向篾条是莎草根，这是一种能够被轻易分成不比线条粗的多股的木质纤维。
解析：
主句为两个并列句：
并列句1：The warp was always made of willow，
并列句2：the most commonly used welt was sedge root—a woody fiber
从句1：that could easily be separated into strands.
从句2：no thicker than a thread
从句1作为同位语从句，修饰并列句2中的宾语sedge root—a woody fiber
从句2修饰从句1中的strands
82.Therefore，if the Earth began as a superheated sphere in space, all the rocks making up its crust may well have been igneous and thus the ancestors of all other rocks.
(特殊结构may well have been——可能是)
因此，如果地球开始时是太空中一个过热的球体，那么所有组成地壳的岩石都可能是火成的，因此成为所有其他岩石的祖先。
解析：
主句：all the rocks may well have been igneous and thus the ancestors of all other rocks
从句1：if the Earth began as a superheated sphere in space
从句2：making up its crust
主句中两个宾语部分igneous和the ancestors of all other rocks并列
从句1作为条件状语从句，修饰主句
从句2非谓语动词后置修饰主句中的主语rocks
83· It was in the cities that the elements that can be associated with modern capitalism first appeared--the use of money and commercial paper in place of barter，open competition in place of social deference and hierarchy，with an attendant rise in social disorder，and the appearance of factories using coal or water power in place of independent craftspeople working with hand tools.
(It was in the cities that the elements…first appeared为强调句;破折号之后的部分是对前面
elements一词的具体说明;attendant——伴随的)
正是在城市里，第一次出现了能够与现代资本主义联系起来的一些因素——货币与商业文件的使用代替了实物交换，以及随着社会混乱的增加，公开竞争代替了社会顺从和阶层，还有使用煤或水力的工厂的出现代替了用手工工具劳动的独立手艺人。
解析：强调句型，in plates of ：代替
主句：the elements first appeared in the cities
从句1：that can be associated with modern capitalism
从句2：the use of money and commercial paper, open competition and the appearance of factories
从句3：in place of barter
从句4：in place of social deference and hierarchy
从句5：with an attendant rise in social disorder
从句6：using coal or water power
从句7：in place of independent craftspeople
从句8：working with hand tools.
其中从句8修饰从句7中的craftspeople
从句7修饰从句2中的factories
从句6修饰从句2中的factories
从句5修饰从句2中的open competition
从句4修饰从句2中的open competition
从句3修饰从句2中的money and commercial paper
从句2修饰主句中的elements
从句1修饰主句中的elements
84.The older painters，most of whom were born before 1835，practiced in a mode often self-taught and monopolized by landscape subject matter and were securely established in and fostered by the reigning American art organization, the National Academy of Design.
(The older painters…practiced in a mode…and were securely established and fostered by…为句子主干)
老一代画家大多数出生于1835年以前，他们以一种经常是自学的方式和以风景画题材为主的形式作画。这些老画家是由当时美国艺坛上占统治地位的国家设计学院培养出来的，而且他们也在那里确立了自己的地位。
解析：
主句1：The older painters practiced in a mode often self-taught
主句2：monopolized by landscape subject matter
主句3：were securely established in
主句4：fostered by the reigning American art organization
从句1：most of whom were born before 1835
修饰结构1：the National Academy of Design
主句1，2，3，4是并列关系，用and并列
从句1修饰主句1的painters
修饰结构1是主句4中的American art organization的同位语
85.Most important，perhaps，was that they had all maintained with a certain fidelity a manner of technique and composition consistent with those of America's first popular landscape artist，Thomas Cole，who built a career painting the Catskill Mountain scenery bordering the Hudson River.
(倒装句：Most important…was that…=that…was most important)
也许最重要的是，他们都在某种程度上忠实地保持一种与美国第一位流行山水画家托马斯·科尔相一致的技巧和创作方式，后者是以描绘临近哈得逊河的恺特斯基尔山风景而建立其事业的。
解析：倒装结构Most important…was that
正确顺序：That they had all maintained a manner of technique and composition was most important
主句：That…was most important
从句1：they had all maintained a manner of technique and composition
从句2：who built a career
从句3：painting the Catskill Mountain scenery
从句4：bordering the Hudson River.
修饰结构1：with a certain fidelity
修饰结构2：consistent with those of America's first popular landscape artist
修饰结构3：Thomas Cole
从句1是主句1后that引导的部分，也就是其中的主语
从句2是修饰结构2中的artist的同位语
从句3是修饰从句2中的career
从句4是修饰从句2中的scenery
修饰结构1修饰从句1的谓语maintain
修饰结构2修饰从句1中的technique and composition
修饰结构3是修饰结构2中artist的同位语
以上是本期为大家带来的托福阅读长难句详解120句(17)，阅读除了句型之外还要注意词汇，希望大家在不断的坚持中提升自己的阅读能力，最后前程百利祝大家都能取得理想的托福考试成绩。
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