托福

　　托福阅读本来就比较长，所以考生的阅读需要足够的耐心;但是托福阅读中的句子也很长，这就意味着如果大家不能够掌握分析长难句的方法，即使有足够的耐心也无济于事。所以，前程百利小编向大家分享托福阅读长难句精析系列文章，希望大家可以从文章中的长难句分析中有所收获。

　　1.As the water that collects in the bottom of the nest evaporates，the water vapor rises and is heated by the incubating bird，which adds significant humidity to the incubation environment.　

　　当聚集在巢底的水蒸发时，水蒸气上升并被正在孵卵的鸟加热，于是为孵化环境增加了较大的湿度。

　　分句1：As the water that collects in the bottom of the nest evaporates

　　分句2：the water vapor rises

　　分句3：the water vapor is heated by the incubating bird

　　分句4：which adds significant humidity to the incubation environment.

　　2和3并列

　　1和2，3并列，1是2，3的条件

　　4和1，2，3嵌套，非限定性从句引导词which代表1，2，3

　　2.The motivation derived from the text，and in the case of singing，the music，in combination with the performer’s skills，personality，and ability to create empathy will determine the success of artistic，political，or pedagogic communication

　　(句子主干是the motivation…and…the music…will determine the success…;in combination with…与…相结合)

　　从剧本里获得的动力，还有(在演唱的情况下的)音乐，与表演者的技巧、个性和引起共鸣的能力相结合，将决定艺术、政治或者教学等交际活动的成功与否。

　　分句1：The motivation and the music will determine the success

　　分句2：derived from the text

　　分句3：in the case of singing

　　分句4：in combination with the performer’s skills，personality，and ability to create empathy

　　分句5：of artistic，political，or pedagogic communication

　　1和2嵌套，2修饰motivation

　　1和4嵌套，2是1，4的条件

　　1和5嵌套，5修饰1中的success

　　3.How a speaker perceives the listener’s receptiveness，interest，or sympathy in any given conversation can drastically alter the tone of presentation，by encouraging or discouraging the speaker.

　　(how a speaker perceives…作主语)

　　在任何特定的谈话中，讲话者如何看待听众的接纳性、兴趣或同情，能够通过鼓励讲话者或使之泄气而极大地改变他讲话的语调。

　　分句1：How a speaker perceives the listener’s receptiveness，interest，or sympathy in any given conversation

　　分句2：can drastically alter

　　分句3：the tone of presentation

　　分句4：by encouraging or discouraging the speaker.

　　1，2，3构成句子的主干，1是主语，2是谓语，3是宾语

　　4和1，2，3并列，是方式状语。

　　4.Emotional health is evidenced in the voice by free and melodic sounds of the happy，by constricted and harsh sound of the angry，and by dull and lethargic qualities of the depressed.

　　(evidence作动词——表现出来)

　　情感健康能够通过高兴者直爽、悦耳的声音，生气者急促、严厉的声音，和忧郁者沉闷、冷漠的声音而表现出来。

　　分句1：Emotional health is evidenced in the voice

　　分句2：by free and melodic sounds of the happy

　　分句3：by constricted and harsh sound of the angry

　　分句4：by dull and lethargic qualities of the depressed.

　　2，3，4并列

　　1和2，3，4嵌套

　　这个句子比较简单，重点是弄清楚evidence的歌词在这句话中意思，注意一词多义现象，要理解词的意思要注意联系上下文。

　　5.Industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic life combined with a new emphasis upon credentials and expertise to make schooling increasingly important for economic and social mobility.

　　(特殊结构combined with——加上)

　　工业化和经济生活的官僚化，加上重新强调证书和专长，使得学校教育对经济和社会变动性越来越重要。

　　本句并不难主要是要分清句子主干，分清并列结构。

　　分句1：Industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic life

　　分句2：combined with

　　分句3：a new emphasis upon credentials and expertise

　　分句4：to make schooling increasingly important for economic and social mobility.

　　1和3并列，同等位置有2连接构成主语

　　1，2，3和4嵌套，4是谓语和宾语部分。