托福阅读长难句是困扰很多考生的问题，很多同学因为看不懂句子导致失分严重。下面前程百利小编给大家搜集了几个托福阅读长难句，并对每一个句子进行了精析，最后还有意群训练供大家练习和巩固。大家一起来看一下吧。
1. Immediately adjacent to the timberline, the tundra consists of a fairly complete cover of low-lying shrubs, herbs, and grasses, while higher up the number and diversity of species decrease until there is much bare ground with occasional mosses and lichens and some prostrate cushion plants.
难句类型：复杂句子结构+大量生僻名词
本句比较长，理解起来比较有难度，因为句子结构有些复杂，同时夹杂着众多的生僻名词。如果一个句子里有超过5个单词不认识或者不熟悉，对我们的阅读都会构成一定的影响。这句话是一个表示对比关系的复合句，主句和从句都各有一个状语来修饰，表明条件的变化;然后说明在两种不同条件下植被的构成发生了变化。整句的主干结构是这样的：adjacent to timberline， the tundra consists of shrubs and grasses and so on， while rise up， the species and diversities will decrease.同学们只要能读出来这句话的核心意思是“靠近林木线的土地上到处覆盖着灌木和草，而海拔高度提高的时候，物种减少直到出现大片的荒地”就可以了。
timberline: n.林木线(树木生长的极限海拔高度) timber + line
tundra: n.冻原，苔原 moss： n.苔藓，
lichen n.地衣， prostrate：adj.俯倒，拜倒
cushion：n.垫子，垫状物
译文：
由于紧挨着林木线，苔原上比较完整地覆盖着矮灌木、药材和草地。随着海拔的增加物种的数量和多样性会逐渐减少，直到出现大片的空地，这些空地仅仅伴有零星的苔藓和地衣或者一些伏地植物。
意群训练：
Immediately adjacent to the timberline, the tundra consists of a fairly complete cover of low-lying shrubs, herbs, and grasses, while higher up the number and diversity of species decrease until there is much bare ground with occasional mosses and lichens and some prostrate cushion plants.
2. In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them—even while building materials have changed dramatically.
难句类型：复杂状语+复杂句子结构+插入成分+不明显的倒装+抽象名词
虽然表面看来这个句子没有什么生词，但是这个句子理解起来并不容易，因为这个句子中出现的单词都是比较抽象的单词，例如structure， achieve， size， strength， purpose， method，所以读句子的时候让人觉得不舒服。句子开头就是一个目的状语，但是这个状语很长，让同学们搞不清楚谁是为了实现谁。主句结构是architecture employs methods of support，但是随后作者又用that引导了一个定语从句来修饰method，并且在定语从句一开始，that后面直接用because引导了一个插入的句子，割裂了定语从句。所以完整的复合句是这样的：architecture employs methods of support that have changed little since people first discovered them，到此处作者仍不肯收手，用even while引导了最后一个从句和定语从句做对比。于是整个句子的结构就变的十分混乱了。实际上because they are based on physical laws在句子中位置稍作调整，同学们就可以比较清楚的理解这句话了：architecture employs methods of support that have changed little since people first discovered them， because they are based on physical laws.所以本句意思是“建筑学上采用了一些支撑的方法，这些支撑的方法自它们被人类发现以来就鲜有变化，因为它们是建立在物理定律上的”。作者隐含的意思是物理定律不变，所以这些方法不变。
译文：
建筑结构必须达到大小和强度的要求，以实现必要的建筑目的，因此建筑学上采用一些支撑的方法，这些方法都是以物理定律为基础的，尽管建筑材料已经发生了翻天覆地的变化，这些支撑的方法却自人们发现它们以来就鲜有变化。
意群训练:
In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them—even while building materials have changed dramatically.
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