托福阅读长难句是困扰很多考生的问题，很多同学因为看不懂句子导致失分严重。下面前程百利小编给大家搜集了几个托福阅读长难句，并对每一个句子进行了精析，最后还有意群训练供大家练习和巩固。大家一起来看一下吧。
1. There are two principal influences that shape the terrain: constructive processes such as uplift, which create new landscape features, and destructive forces such as erosion, which gradually wear away exposed landforms.
难句类型：并列句做主语从句+插入成分
本句的主句结构是一个there be结构，句子的主语应该是 two principal influences，主句的意思是“两个主要的影响决定了地形”，后面的标点符号用冒号，表示冒号后面使用并列句对主语进行具体解释，并在每个并列的分句中都插入了一个定语从句。省略掉两个并列分句中的由which引导的定语从句，并列句应当如下: There are two principal influences that shape the terrain: constructive processes such as uplift, and destructive forces such as erosion.在并列结构中两次对称地插入了定语从句，把一个好好的句子弄得四分五裂，虽然作者的逻辑思路是清晰的，但是对同学的阅读造成了不利的影响。此类型的句子在托福阅读中出现的频率很高，同学们要多练，习惯了这种句子就会发现理解它们并不难。
译文：
主要有两种影响会改变地形：建设性的过程，如产生新的地表特征的地壳隆起;和破坏性的力量，如缓慢清除突出地貌的地表侵蚀。
意群训练：
There are two principal influences that shape the terrain: constructive processes such as uplift, which create new landscape features, and destructive forces such as erosion, which gradually wear away exposed landforms.
2. The same thing happens to this day, though on a smaller scale, wherever a sediment-laden river or stream emerges from a mountain valley onto relatively flat land, dropping its load as the current slows: the water usually spreads out fanwise, depositing the sediment in the form of a smooth, fan-shaped slope.
难句类型：复杂修饰+插入成分
本句的主句结构很简单the same thing happens,但是作者为了说明是什么同样的事情发生而大费周章，though on a smaller scale做插入成分，说明现在是在更小的规模上发生同样的事情，如果跳过这段插入成分，主句和从句连在一起读就是The same thing happens to this day, wherever a sediment-laden river or stream emerges from a mountain valley onto relatively flat land.到此处句子并不难理解，但是作者用动名词构成的短语dropping its load as the current slows来修饰从句，表示伴随发生的动作。并在状语结束的时候用冒号，引出了一个句子来解释从句。
译文：
现代也有冰水沉积，尽管规模相对较小。凡是有携带泥沙的河流或者溪流从山谷流至相对平坦的地面时，砂石就随着水流速度的减慢逐渐沉淀;水流通常呈扇形扩散，它们所携带的砂石也会沉淀为光滑的扇形斜坡。
意群训练
The same thing happens to this day, though on a smaller scale, wherever a sediment-laden river or stream emerges from a mountain valley onto relatively flat land, dropping its load as the current slows: the water usually spreads out fanwise, depositing the sediment in the form of a smooth, fan-shaped slope.
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