在以往的托福阅读考试中有关于欧洲报业发展的考试文章。针对这道托福考题，前程百利小编为大家普及一下关于欧洲报业发展的背景知识，这样有助于考生在面对这类题目时方便作答。本文是历史性题材，涉及到欧洲报纸发展的原因，之前的考试中也涉及到美国报业的发展，差别不大。在阅读过程中同学们需要重点看出来发展的原因是什么，以及发挥了什么作用。
托福阅读真题：
讲欧洲报纸的发展
第一段background information说报纸是很有用的传递信息的工具啊什么的。
第二段讲最早的报纸是英国的xxx报纸，同时还有一个公司成立。
第三段讲政府开始干涉报纸的发展了。首先必须有政府的批准(license)，是为了control who publish the news。然后政府开始资助一些公司，报纸上会有一些关于政府的事件，类似于决策之类的吧。这些上发生的大事(应该是怕影响到他们的交易)。随着报纸的发展，能把报纸运到各种偏远的地方。
第五段讲报纸更加大众化。针对的人群变成了老百姓们报纸上会报道各种strange event，百姓能更好的接受。其次也能让百姓觉得自己是社会的一部分。最后，报纸上有了可以让百姓自己写评论的地方。
参考阅读
The term newspaper became common in the 17th century. However in Germany publications that we would today consider to be newspaper publications were appearing as early as the 16th century. They were discernibly newspapers for the following reasons: they were printed dated appeared at regular and frequent publication intervals and included a variety of news items (unlike single item news mentioned above). The first newspaper however was said to be the Strasbourg Relation in the early 17th century. German newspapers like avisis were organized by the ocation from which they came and by date. They differed from avisis in the following manners: they employed a distinct and highly illustrated title page and they applied an overall date to each issue.
The emergence of the new media branch in the 17th century has to be seen in close connection with the spread of the printing press from which the publishing press derives it name.
During the 17th century there were many kinds of publications that told both news and rumours. Among these were pamphlets posters ballads etc. Even when the news periodicals emerged many of these co-existed with them. A news periodical differs from these mainly because of its periodicity. The definition for 17th century newsbooks and newspapers is that they are published at least once a week. Johann Carolus Relation aller Fürnemmen und gedenckwürdigen Historien published in Strassburg in 1605 is usually regarded as the first news periodical.
In the beginning of the 17th century the right to print was strictly controlled in England. This was probably the reason why the first newspaper in English language was printed in Amsterdam by Joris Veseler around 1620. This followed the style established by Veseler’earlier Dutch paper .However when the English started printing their own papers in London they reverted to the pamphlet format used by contemporary books. The publication of these newsbooks was suspended between 1632 and 1638 by order of The Star Chamber. After they resumed publication the era of these newsbooks lasted until the publication of the Oxford Gazette in 1665.
The control over printing relaxed greatly after the abolition of the Star Chamber in 1641. The Civil War escalated the demand for news. News pamphlets or books reported the war often supporting one side or the other. Following the Restoration there arose a number of publications including the London Gazette (first published on 16 November 1665 as the Oxford Gazette) the first official journal of record and the newspaper of the Crown. Publication was controlled under the Licensing Act of 1662 but the Act’s lapses from 1679–1685 and from 1695 onwards encouraged a number of new titles.
以上就是今天的托福阅读材料，大家可以在练习托福阅读材料的同时，积累一些相关词汇及句型，以便考试的时候更好地把握文意，夺得托福阅读的高分。前程百利小编预祝大家托福考试取得优异成绩!
