很多同学在做托福阅读最后一题——文章小结题时,要不就是剩一两分钟,慌乱害怕而又不知所措,最后胡乱选个顺眼的就完了,要不就是分不出哪个是细节哪个是主旨,那就选个最长的,这样做未免过于轻率。今天为大家整理的托福阅读技巧就是变被动阅读为主动阅读,希望可以帮到大家。
在做题之前阅读文章,可以采用结构阅读的方法,先读首段了解背景,再读各段首句,了解文章讨论的方向,学术性极强的托福阅读文章具有清晰的文章架构,上篇文章在讲工业革命,说明文,以蒸汽机为线索贯通整篇文章,理解起来比较简单,下面我们以TPO6的第三篇InfantileAmnesia为例,这篇文章属于议论文,理解不太容易。
首先,我们先看完第一段,了解到Infantile Amnesia是什么,即Few people can remember anything thathappened to them in their earlyyears.(三岁前不记得发生的事),失忆?又发生在三岁之前,婴儿失忆症?或许是吧,猜来猜去就是因为单词不认识,我们只能从第一段知道文章的大体讨论的集中点是InfantileAmnesia,虽然我们不能明确的说出它的意思,但可以了解到应该是和记忆有关的,然而我们不确定文章是探讨它的具体特征,产生原因还是造成的影响,也就是说文章发展的方向可以是无限的,这就需要我们继续看文章确定猜测。
然后,我们看第二段段首句,How might this inability to recall early experiences beexplained?这个问题怎样解释呢?接下来会有产生这种现象的原因,那么整篇文章也许都在讲它的原因,暂缓,接着读,第三段段首句Three otherexplanations seem morepromising.讲其他的理论或许更有说服力些,通过other和more,我们可以推测出上面第二段在讲一些不太具有说服力的解释,下面会把这三个解释具体展开,暂缓,接着读,第四段段首句A second explanation involves the influence of the social world on children’slanguageuse.三个中的第二个解释,那我们可以确定第三段在讲第一个解释,以及文章接下来是按着三个解释具体展开的,而且第二个解释涉及语言使用,暂缓,接着读,第五段段首句Athird likely explanation for infantile amnesia involves incompatibilitiesbetween the ways in which infants encode information and the ways in which olderchildren and adults retrieveit.第三种解释的展开,存储信息与提取信息方式之间的不匹配,三个解释都写完了,那么文章下面会写些什么呢?脑袋有些空白,暂缓,接着读,第六段段首句Thisview is supported by a variety of factors that can create mismatches betweenvery young children's encoding and older children's and adults' retrievalefforts.指代,this指的是上面第三个解释,信息不匹配,对第三个解释的论证,这时候我们还剩最后一段,看看段首句These threeexplanations of infantile amnesia are not mutually exclusive; indeed, theysupport each other. 概括一下三个解释之间的联系,它们之间相互作用。
最后,文章逻辑架构拉出来以后,就剩填肉了,要把该补的补上,比如说那三个理论具体是什么,它们有什么特点,在做题时逐渐增进对文章的理解,最后一个题就自然而然的做出来了,
There are several possible explanations why people cannot easily remembertheir early childhoods.
Answer Choices
○Preschoolers typically do not recall events from their first year.
○Frontal lobe function of the brain may need to develop before memoryretrieval can occur.
○Children recall physical activities more easily if they areverbalized.
○The opportunity to hear chronologically narrated stories may helpthree-year-old children produce long-lasting memories.
○The content of a memory determines the way in which it is encoded.
○The contrasting ways in which young children and adults processinformation may determine their relative success in remembering.
做之前的题时,我们知道三个理论一个讲大脑发育不完善,一个讲讲故事可以增进记忆,一个讲记忆方式不匹配,根据这三点我们可以确定出○Frontal lobefunction…○The opportunity to hear chronologically narrated stories…○Thecontrasting ways…就是我们要的答案。
变被动阅读为主动阅读,能够准确的预测出作者会写什么,以及怎样写,这需要我们大量的输入托福阅读的文章,读的多了规律就会出现了,希望同学们可以多读几遍真题的文章,真正的掌握文章的脉络,俗话说的好,成功来源于熟练。前程百利希望同学们在托福备考中可以奋战到底,并取得好成绩。
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