说到托福阅读备考，TPO是必不可少的备考神器，通过TPO练习来更好的适应阅读考试的节奏。本文小编带来的托福阅读笔记是TPO6 William Smith的内容，希望能够与正在备考的大家一起进步。
TPO6 William Smith
文章题材：自然科学——岩石层和地址年代
常见词汇：
transformation[.trænsfə'meiʃən]n. 转型，转化，改造
thorough['θʌrə]adj. 彻底的，完全的，详尽的，精心的
locomotive[.ləukə'məutiv]n. 火车头，机关车adj. 运转的，火车头
ubiquitous[ju:'bikwitəs]adj. 到处存在的，遍在的
canal[kə'næl]n. 运河，沟渠，气管，食管 vt. 建运河
emerging[i'mə:dʒ]vi. 浮现，(由某种状态)脱出，(事实)显现出来
strict[strikt]adj. 严格的，精确的，完全的
reveal[ri'vi:l]vt. 显示，透露n. (外墙与门或窗之间的
observe[əb'zə:v]v. 观察，遵守，注意到 v. 评论
contained[kən'teind]adj. 泰然自若的，从容的;被控制的 v. 包含;遏制
易错题解析：
Paragraph 3: In 1831 when Smith was finally recognized by the Geological Society of London as the “father of English geology”, was not only for his maps but also for something even more important.Ever since people had begun to catalog the strata in particular outcrops, there had been the hope that these could somehow be used to calculate geological time.But as more and more accumulations of strata were cataloged in more and more places, it became clear that the sequences of rocks sometimes differed from region to region and that no rock type was ever going to become a reliable time marker throughout the world.Even without the problem of regional differences, rocks present a difficulty as unique time markers Quartz is quartz—a silicon ion surrounded by four oxygen ions—there’s no difference at all between two-million-year-old Pleistocene quartz and Cambrian quartz created over 500 million years ago.
6. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
○The discovery of regional differences in the sequences of rocks led geologists to believe that rock types could someday become reliable time markers.
○Careful analysis of strata revealed that rocks cannot establish geological time because the pattern of rock layers varies from place to place.
○Smith's catalogs of rock strata indicated that the sequences of rocks are different from place to place and from region to region.
○Because people did not catalog regional differences in sequences of rocks. It was believed that rocks could never be reliable time markers
题型：句子简化题。答案是(B)
解析：分析原句，逻辑关系是由as引导的因果关系，clear后面两个并列的that从句表示的是由as后的原因导致的结果。B选项是原句的改写，逻辑关系符合，内容上也是与原文对应的，正确。A选项没有表现出因果关系，C选项也没有表达出因果关系，而且表达的是原文的部分，遗漏了重要信息。D选项逻辑关系虽然正确，但是说人们“did not catalog regional differences in sequences of rocks”，与原文不符。
语法点：原因状语从句。
7. Why does the author use the phrase “Quartz is quartz"?
○To describe how the differences between Pleistocene and Cambrian quartz reveal information about dating rocks
○To point out that the chemical composition of quartz makes it more difficult to date than other rocks
○To provide an example of how regional differences in rock sequences can make a particular rock difficult to date
○To explain that rocks are difficult to use for dating because their chemical compositions always remain the same over time
题型：修辞目的题。答案是(D)
解析：首先进行原文定位，读Quartz is quartz所在的句子，说即使没有岩层地区差异这个问题，岩石作为特定的时间划分标志还会有另外的困难。
D选项举实例，即Quartz is quartz(破折号之间解释石英的化学结构，无实在意义)，“there’s no difference at all between two-million-year-old Pleistocene quartz and Cambrian quartz created over 500 million years ago”，两百万年前的更新世岩的石英跟五百万年前的寒武纪的石英没有什么不同，说明石英这种化合物随时间变化很小，所以很难用来划分时间，正确。
A选项说更新世与寒武纪的石英是基本相同的，错误;B选项将石英与其他岩石对比，错误;C选项说明的是岩层顺序的地区差异，跟石英没有关系，不选。
语法点：让步状语从句的用法。
易错选项：(A)。
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