托福阅读考试中的词汇题是新托福阅读考试每次必考题型，托福阅读词汇题目目的让考生熟知文章中个别单词或短语的具体意思，所以考生理解单词的意思必须符合原问的意思。一般说来，题目中涉及到的单词或短语对于文章的理解或者重要的部分起到⾄关重要的作⽤。前程百利小编接下来为考生介绍利用结构线索解答托福阅读词汇题的方法。
如何识别此类问题
词汇类问题很容易辨认，在⽂章中被考到的单词或短语会被用阴影标识出来，问题的提问形式通常为：
In the case of a word， the question might be…
The word X in the passage is closest in meaning to…
In the case of a phrase， the question might be…
In stating X， the author means that…
The phrase X in the passage is closest in meaning to…
其中，以第⼀种形式，也就是考察考⽣某单词在⽂章上下⽂中意思的问题类型最为常见。
如何答题
1. 在⽂章中定位到阴影标识的单词或短语。
2. 仔细阅读该词或短语所在句子。
3. 在句⼦中寻找可以帮助理解阴影标识的单词或短语的具体意思的线索。
4. 选择答案，并将所选择的单词或短语放入原文进⾏检验，以确认这个句子在全文中仍是有意义的。
提醒考⽣注意，选择答案时，不要仅仅因为某个选项符合该单词的某⼀个正确意思就将其作为正确选项;题⽬考察的是作者在文章上下⽂中使⽤的词义。
如何利用结构线索解题(即指明句子中各成分之间关系的特定单词、短语和语法结构)
1. 对⽐
Example: OG Practice Set 5， question 6
Passage 5: In this newly emerging economic order， workers sometimes organized to protect their rights and traditional ways of life. Craftworkers such as carpenters and tailors formed unions and in1834 individual unions came together in the National Trades’ Union. The labor movement gatheredsome momentum in the decade before the Panic of 1837， but in the depression that followed，labor’s strength collapsed…
The phrase gathered some momentum in the passage is closest in meaning to
○ made progress
○ became active
○ caused changes
○ combined forces
解析：单词readily所在的⽂章句子中出现转折词but，根据文章中but后面的内容我们可以得出短语gathered some momentum在此句中的的意思为made progress。
2. 例⼦
Example: OG Practice Set 4， question 10
Passage 8: One cognitive theory suggests that aggravating and painful events trigger unpleasant feelings. These feelings in turn， can lead to aggressive action， but not automatically. Cognitivefactors intervene. People decide whether they will act aggressively or not on other people’smotives. Supporting evidence comes from research showing that aggressive people often distortother people’s motives. For example， they assume that other people mean them harm when theydo not.
The word distort in the passage is closest in meaning to
○ mistrust
○ misinterpret
○ criticize
○ resent
解析：distort所在的⽂章句子后出现“ for example”， 根据for example 中的内容，我们可以得出distort在此句中的意思为misinterpret。
3. 并列信息
Example: OG Practice Set 5， question 3
Passage 3: …Absenteeism and lateness hurt productivity and since work was specialized，disrupted the regular factory routine. Industrialization not only produced a fundamental change inthe way work was organized; it transformed the very nature of work.
The word disrupted in the passage is closest in meaning to
○ prolonged
○ established
○ followed
○ upset
解析：disrupt 在的文章句子中出现and连接的并列信息hurt，根据这一并列信息，我们可以得出disrupt在此句中的意思为upset。
4. 因果关系
Example: OG Practice Set 6， question 1
Passage 1: …Feeding， courtship， preproduction， and even “rest” are carried out while inconstant motion. As a result， practically every aspect of the body form and function of theseswimming “machines” is adapted to enhance their ability to swim.
The word enhance in the passage is closest in meaning to
○ use
○ improve
○ counteract
○ balance
解析：enhance 在的文章句子中出现表示因果关系的短语as a result，根据前一句中的原因，我们可以得出enhance在此句中的意思为improve。
5. 连词or
Example: OG The EXPRESSION OF EMOTIONS question 1
Passage 1: Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world， but howcan we tell when other people are happy or despondent? It turns out that the expression of manyemotions may e universal…
The word despondent in the passage is closest in meaning to
○ curious
○ unhappy
○ thoughtful
○ uncertain
解析：despondent 所在的文章句子中出现疑问句，疑问句中的连词or 表示选择，因此我们可以得出despondent在此句中的意思为unhappy。
以上就是前程百利小编为考生带来的利用结构线索解答托福阅读词汇题的分析。大家在对托福阅读词汇题进行专项练习时，可以总结一下其他的答题关键点。预祝大家托福考试取得好成绩!
