说到托福阅读备考，TPO是必不可少的备考神器，通过TPO练习来更好的适应阅读考试的节奏。本文小编带来的托福阅读笔记是TPO20 Fossil Preservation的学习笔记，希望能够与正在备考的大家一起进步。
TPO20 Fossil Preservation
文章题材：环境科学——化石保存
常见词汇：
delicate ['delikit] n. 精美的东西adj. 精美的，微妙的
stable ['steibl] adj. 稳定的，安定的，可靠的n. 马厩
likelihood ['laiklihud] n. 可能性
indicate ['indikeit] v. 显示，象征，指示v. 指明，表明
remarkable [ri'mɑ:kəbl] adj. 显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的
calcium ['kælsiəm] n. 钙
burial ['beriəl] n. 埋葬，葬礼，坟墓
contrast ['kɔntræst,kən'træst] n. 差别，对比，对照物v. 对比，成对照
shale [ʃeil] n. 页岩，泥板岩
original [ə'ridʒənl] adj. 最初的，原始的，有独创性的，原版的
易错题解析：
Paragraph 7: The probability that actual remains of soft tissue will be preserved is improved if the organism dies in an environment of rapid deposition and oxygen deprivation. Under such conditions, the destructive effects of bacteria are diminished. The Middle Eocene Messel Shale (from about 48 million years ago) of Germany accumulated in such an environment. The shale was deposited in an oxygen-deficient lake where lethal gases sometimes bubbled up and killed animals. Their remains accumulated on the floor of the lake and were then covered by clay and silt. Among the superbly preserved Messel fossils are insects with iridescent exoskeletons (hard outer coverings), frogs with skin and blood vessels intact, and even entire small mammals with preserved fur and soft tissue.
12.According to the passage, all of the following assist in fossil preservation EXCEPT
O the presence of calcite in an organism's skeleton
O the presence of large open areas along an ocean floor
O the deposition of a fossil in sticky substances such as sap or tar
O the rapid burial of an organism under layers of silt
题型：否定事实信息题。答案是(B)
解析：用topic sentence - details的结构去解答这个题，只需关注每一段的第一句话。(文章结构分析见最后一题)，也可以结合题干和选项中的关键词去原文定位，然后一一排除。B 选项的ocean floor在原文中第一段出现However, the chances of escaping complete destruction are vastly improved if the organism happens to have a mineralized skeleton and dies in a place where it can be quickly buried by sediment. Both of these conditions are often found on the ocean floors…，但没有提到open areas，所以B错，选。
易错选项：(D)。
14.Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.
The remains of ancient life are amazingly well preserved in the form of fossils.
Answer Choices
O Environmental characteristics like those present on ocean floors increase the likelihood that plant and animal fossils will occur.
O Fossils are more likely to be preserved in shale deposits than in deposits of clay and silt.
O The shells of organisms can be preserved by processes of chemical precipitation or mineral exchange.
O Freezing enables the soft parts of organisms to survive longer than the hard parts.
O Comparatively few fossils are found in the terrestrial deposits of streams and lakes.
O Thin films of carbon may remain as an indication of soft tissue or actual tissue may be preserved if exposure to bacteria is limited.
题型：文章小结题。答案是(A C F)
原文思路：
第1段：在生物体死后有很多种途径会将其彻底的破坏，化石却可以令人惊讶的长久保存。
第2段：生物体石化
第3段：留下的蜗牛或蛤喇的壳会还会经历其它诸多过程，增加了它们被保存下来的几率。
第4段：石化还可能同时涉及死亡的动植物的原有物质与不同组成的矿物质的交换作用。该过程叫做“置换作用”
第5段：另一种类型的石化，称为“碳化”
第6段：虽然拥有坚硬的部分的确会增加保存的可能性，但是具有软组织和器官的生物也偶尔会被保存下来
第7段：如果生物体死于一个具有快速沉积和缺氧的环境，会有助于软组织残骸的保存
解析：A选项对应原文首段的主要内容。所以A正确C选项是对原文第三段和第四段的概括。F选项对应原文第五段和第七段的概括。
B选项的比较原文没说，不选;D和E都是原文中的细节，不选。
以上就是小编带来的托福阅读笔记之TPO20 Fossil Preservation,希望能够和备考的大家一起学习。更多托福考试资讯请关注前程百利。
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