说到托福阅读备考，TPO是必不可少的备考神器，通过TPO练习来更好的适应阅读考试的节奏。本文小编带来的托福阅读笔记是TPO21 The Origins of Agriculture的学习笔记，希望能够与正在备考的大家一起进步。
TPO21 The Origins of Agriculture
文章题材：社会学科——农业的起源
常见词汇：
mental ['mentl] adj. 精神的，脑力的，精神错乱的
cognitive ['kɔgnitiv] adj. 认知的，认识的，有认识力的
creative [kri'eitiv] adj. 创造性的
unlikely [ʌn'laikli] adj. 不太可能的
explanation [.eksplə'neiʃən] n. 解释，说明
debate [di'beit] n. 辩论，讨论vt. 争论，思考
imaginative [i'mædʒinətiv] adj. 富于想象力的
manipulate [mə'nipjuleit] vt. 操纵，操作，控制，利用，(巧妙地)处理，篡改
specific [spi'sifik] adj. 特殊的，明确的，具有特效的
severe [si'viə] adj. 剧烈的，严重的，严峻的，严厉的，严格的
易错题解析：
Paragraph 3: Climatic changes at the end of the glacial period 13,000 years ago have been proposed to account for the emergence of farming. The temperature increased dramatically in a short period of time (years rather than centuries), allowing for a growth of the hunting-gathering population due to the abundance of resources. There were, however, fluctuations in the climatic conditions, with the consequences that wet conditions were followed by dry ones, so that the availability of plants and animals oscillated brusquely.
5.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
O The resources needed by the growing hunting and gathering population increased rapidly once temperatures rose.
O Dramatic temperature increases and the simultaneous growth of the hunting and gathering population led to the need for more resources.
O Higher temperatures led to the existence of increased resources, thus enabling the hunting and gathering population to grow.
O The dramatic temperature increase occurred during the few years when abundant resources allowed the hunting and gathering population to grow.
题型：句子简化题。答案是(C)
解析：首先分析原句， allowing for引导的是结果状语，但是特殊的是这个结果是两个原因造成的，第一个是温度升高，第二个是资源丰富，而且根据上下文还有常识我们可以知道是温度升高造成资源丰富，所以正确答案是C。A选项逻辑关系错误，B因果关系混乱，D项内容有误。
易错选项：(D)。
Paragraph 4: It would appear that the instability of the climatic conditions led populations that had originally been nomadic to settle down and develop a sedentary style of life, which led in turn to population growth and to the need to increase the amount of food available. Farming originated in these conditions. Later on, it became very difficult to change because of the significant expansion of these populations. It could be argued, however, that these conditions are not sufficient to explain the origins of agriculture. Earth had experienced previous periods of climatic change, and yet agriculture had not been developed.
8. Why does the author state that "Earth had experienced previous periods of climatic change, and yet agriculture had not been developed"?
O To suggest that climate change had occurred long before the development of agriculture
O To argue that climate change does not properly explain why agriculture developed
O To challenge the assumption that agriculture developed only in some parts of the world
O To question the claim that climate change occurred at the time when agriculture developed
题型：修辞目的题。答案是(B)
解析：首先回归原文看前句It could be argued, however, that these conditions are not sufficient to explain the origins of agriculture. Earth had experienced previous periods of climatic change, and yet agriculture had not been developed.本段落前半部分说的是气候剧变导致农业的出现，但是这里却是转折，上述那些并不足以解释为什么农业会出现，以前地球也经历过气候变化，但是农业却没有出现，所以作者说这句话的目的就是想要反驳前面的推论，即气候变化导致农业出现，所以答案是B。
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