说到托福阅读备考，TPO是必不可少的备考神器，通过TPO练习来更好的适应阅读考试的节奏。本文小编带来的托福阅读笔记是TPO25 The Decline of Venetian Shipping的学习笔记，希望能够与正在备考的大家一起进步。
TPO25 The Decline of Venetian Shipping
文章题材：社会学科——威尼斯航运的衰落
常见词汇：
explanation [.eksplə'neiʃən] n. 解释，说明
procure [prə'kjuə] vt. 获得，取得，促成
available [ə'veiləbl] adj. 可用的，可得到的，有用的，有效的
summary ['sʌməri] n. 摘要adj. 概要的，简略的
storage ['stɔridʒ] n. 贮藏，存储，保管，保管费，仓库，[计]存储器
previously ['pri:vju:sli] adv. 先前，在此之前
quantity ['kwɔntiti] n. 量，数量，大量
minor ['mainə] adj. 较小的，较少的，次要的n. 未成年
informal [in'fɔ:məl] adj. 非正式的，不拘形式的
superiority [sju.piəri'ɔriti] n. 优越性，优势
易错题解析：
Paragraph 3:The problem in shipping extended to the Arsenale, Venice’s huge and powerful shipyard. Timber ran short, and it was necessary to procure it from father and father away. In ancient Roman times, the Italian peninsula had great forest of fir preferred for warships, but scarcity was apparent as early as the early fourteenth century. Arsenale officers first brought timber from the foothills of the Alps, then from north toward Trieste, and finally from across the Adriatic. Private shipbuilders were required to buy their oak abroad. As the costs of shipbuilding rose, Venice clung to its outdated standard while the Dutch were innovation in the lighter and more easily handled ships.
Paragraph 4:The step from buying foreign timber to buying foreign ships was regarded as a short one, especially when complaints were heard in the latter sixteenth century that the standards and traditions of the Arsenale were running down. Work was stretched out and done poorly. Older workers had been allowed to stop work a half hour before the regular time, and in 1601 younger works left with them. Merchants complained that the privileges reserved for Venetian-built and owned ships were first extended to those Venetians who bought ships from abroad and then to foreign-built and owned vessels. Historian Frederic Lane observes that after the loss of ships in battle in the late sixteenth century, the shipbuilding industry no longer had the capacity to recover that it had displayed at the start of the century.
7. All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 3 and 4 as contributing to the problems of the Venetian shipbuilding industry at the end of the sixteenth century EXCEPT
○ The quality of work performed in the Arsenale had declined
○ Venetian–built ships were heavy and generally inefficient
○ Arsenale shipbuilders worked more slowly
○ Only a few merchants controlled the buying and selling of most of the Venetian-built ships
题型：否定事实信息题。答案是(D)
解析：以A的Arsenal做关键词定位至第三段和第四段首句，第四段首句和 A都说质量下降， 所以A正确，不选;选项B在原文中没有直接说明，但第三段末句说威尼斯已经 out了，荷兰的更轻，更easily handled，也就是说威尼斯的重而且inefficient，所以B正确， 不选;C的work more slowly 做关键词定位至第四段第二句，说 work被stretch了，也就是 slowly，所以C正确，不选;D 原文没说。
8. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
○ The loss of ships in battle at the end of the sixteenth century showed that Venetian shipbuilders lacked the skills they had possessed at the beginning of the century.
○ Venetian shipbuilding failed to quickly replace the ships lost in battle at the end of the sixteenth century as it would have done earlier in the century.
○ Frederic Lane noted that Venice lost ships in battle at the end of the sixteenth century, showing that Venetian shipbuilding was not longer known for its reliability.
○ Venetian shipbuilding had been known for its high quality of work at the beginning of the sixteenth century, but toward the end of the century Venetian ships were poorer in quality.
题型：句子简化题。答案是(B)
解析：提出主干，说HFL发现，shipbuilding 的能力丢了之后没法恢复，正确答案是B，failed to replace同义替换no longer had the capacity to recover。A的lack the skills，C的no longer known for its reliability和D的poor in quality 原文都没讲。
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