托福阅读修辞目的题是阅读考试中比较常见的一种题型，tpo则是托福阅读备考最权威的材料，所以托福小编综合二者，为大家集中整理了tpo阅读中考察的修辞目的题及其对应的解析，供大家参考使用。本文带来的是TPO21-3的修辞目的题，一起来看看吧。
TPO21-3 autobiographical memory
Paragraph 2
Perhaps the explanation goes back to some ideas raised by influential Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget----namely, that children under age two years represent events in a qualitatively different form than older children do. According to this line of thought, the verbal abilities that blossom in the two year old allow events to be coded in a form radically different from the action-based codes of the infant. Verbal abilities of one year olds are, in fact, related to their memories for events one year later. When researchers had one year olds imitate an action sequence one year after they first saw it, there was correlation between the children’s verbal skills at the time they first saw the event and their success on the later memory task. However, even children with low verbal skills showed evidence of remembering the event; thus, memories may be facilitated by but are not dependent on those verbal skills.
4. In paragraph 2, why does the author provide the information that children with low verbal skills showed evidence of remembering a past event?
A To provide evidence that memories do not depend only upon verbal skills
B To challenge the idea that one year olds are too young to form memories
C To argue that the memory of one year olds depends only on action-based codes
D To suggest that Piaget later revised his findings on the correlation between memory and verbal ability.
解析：修辞目的题，先读例子所在句，说语言能力不行的孩子也能记住东西，因此语言能力能帮忙形成autobiographical memory而不是决定其形成，所以答案是A，不仅依靠verbal，B和C的one year olds，D的人名原文都没说，都不选。
[2]也许对这个问题的解释可以追溯到具有影响力的瑞士心理学家 让·皮亚杰，他认为两岁以下的儿童与大于两岁的儿童回忆事件的方式有质的不同。根据这个思路，两岁的儿童发展出的语言能力可以使他们对事件的组织方式与婴儿基于动作的组织方式有根本的差异。事实上，一岁儿童的语言能力与他们一年后对事件的记忆有关。当研究人员让一岁的儿童们在第一次见到一个动作顺序后的一年模仿这个动作顺序，他们能否成功完成这个记忆任务与他们第一次看到这个事件时的语言能力相关。但是，即使是语言能力很差的儿童也显示出了记得该事件的证据，因此，语言能力可以促进记忆，但是记忆并不依赖于语言能力。
Paragraph 4
A third possibility is that children will not be able to tell their own “life story” until they understand something about the general form stories take, that is , the structure of narratives. Knowledge about narratives arises from social interactions, particularly the storytelling that children experience from parents and the attempts parents make to talk with children about past events in their lives. When parents talk with children about “what we did today ”or “last week ”or “last year”, they guide the children’s formation of a framework for talking about the past. They also provide children with reminders about the memory and relay the message that memories are valued as part of the cultural experience. It is interesting to note that some studies show Caucasian American children have earlier childhood memories that Korean children do. Furthermore, other studies show that Caucasian American mother-child pairs talk about past events three times more often than do Korean mother-child pairs. Thus, the types of social experiences children have do factor into the development of autobiographical memories.
9. According to paragraph 4, the studies of Caucasian American and Korean children suggest which of the following?
A Autobiographical memories develop similarly across all cultures.
B Parents from different cultures tell their children different kinds of stories about the past.
C Children’s pleasure in hearing stories varies from culture to culture.
D The kinds of interactions children have with their parents affect the development of autobiographical memories.
解析：修辞目的题，问题问到的例子在本段倒数第二和第三句，整个句子都是例子，所以按常理应该向前看，但前一句说父母告诉孩子memories很重要，不是中心，本段第一句也没有答案支持，所以应该向后看，而且最后一句的thus摆明了就是个中心，所以答案是D，注意factor的名词动用，B和C相似都不对，A太绝对，而且剩余的三个答案都是单纯地讲例子，不符合修辞目的题的选项特点
[4]第三种可能是儿童在他们理解故事发生的一般形式，即叙述的结构以前无法描述他们自己的“生活故事”。有关叙述的知识来源于社会互动，尤其是父母给儿童讲故事以及父母尝试跟孩子聊聊孩子们过去经历的事情。当父母跟孩子们说起“昨天我们做了什么”或者“上周”或者“去年”时，他们就会引导儿童形成讲述往事的框架。他们还唤醒了孩子们的记忆，并且向孩子们传达了记忆是文化体验宝贵的一部分的信息。值得一提的是有些研究显示白种美国儿童比韩国儿童的童年记忆更早。此外，其它研究显示白种美国母亲与孩子交流过往的事情的次数是韩国母亲与孩子的三倍。因此，儿童具有的社会经验的类型是发展出自传式记忆的一个因素。
以上就是托福阅读TPO21-3中的修辞目的题及其解析，大家可以在备考的时候参考复习，希望能够帮助大家的考前准备。最后前程百利祝大家都能取得理想的托福考试成绩。
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