托福阅读的难点一直集中在托福阅读文章的理解上面,而具体是什么在影响这大家呢?其实也很容易看出一些句式和偏僻词汇的出现影响到了托福阅读试题解答。所以前程百利小编为大家带来托福阅读长难句之后置结构的解读,希望对大家有所帮助。
后置名词结构
主语只有一个名词,如果托福阅读文章句首出现多个名词罗列,那么后面的都是主语的后置修饰成分。
而名词修饰成分通常用逗号或者破折号与其前后的成分隔开;因此“双逗号”就是区分主语和名词修饰成分的最好工具。在读这类长难句的时候:先读句子主干,再读主语的后置名词修饰成分,最后读句子的其他修饰成分。
例子:
The company,a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations.
分析:此托福阅读句的主语是 the company,离主语最近的带有时态的动词是provoked,宾语是justified outrage。主语后面双逗号之间的成分a major energy supplier in New England为主语的后置补充说明成分,最后的in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations是句子的状语。下面我们按照上述步骤来理解这句话。
①读句子主干:主语(the company)→谓语(provoked)→宾语(justified outrage)
翻译:这家公司激起了合乎情理的愤怒。
②读主语的后置名词修饰成分:双逗号之间的部分(a major energy supplier in New England)
翻译:新英格兰一个主要的能源供应商
③读句子的其他修饰成分:状语(in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations)
翻译:当这家公司上周在佛蒙特州宣布放弃遵守严格核管理条例的长期承诺时
整句话的意思如下:这家公司是新英格兰一家主要的能源供应商,当它上周在佛蒙特州宣布放弃遵守严格核管理条例的长期承诺时,其行为激起的愤怒是合乎情理的。
Continued sedimentation—the process of deposits' settling on the sea bottom—buries the organic matter and subjects it to higher temperatures and pressures, which convert the organic matter to oil and gas.
分析:这句话的主语Continued sedimentation,破折号中间的内容解释说明前面的主语,谓语和宾语是由buries the organic matter和subjects it to higher temperatures and pressures并列组成,which后面是非限制性定语从句
后置介宾结构
在有的长难句中,主语后面紧跟一个由介词和宾语组成的介宾结构作为主语的后置定语。如果介宾结构较长,也会有双逗号将其与句子的其他部分隔开;如果介宾结构较短,则没有双逗号的提示。对于这种句子,当发现句子开头的名词后面有介词出现时,应马上寻找带有时态的动词,这个动词往往就是句子的谓语。而主语与谓语之间的成分就是修饰主语的后置介宾修饰成分。可以按以下步骤来理解这类句子:先读主干,再读主语的后置介宾修饰成分,最后句子的其他修饰成分,理解后对于解答托福阅读试题来说就很有帮助了。
例子:
The basic cultural requirements for the successful colonization of the Pacific islands include the appropriate boat-building, sailing, and navigation skills to get to the islands in the first place, domesticated plants and gardening skills suited to often marginal conditions, and a varied inventory of fishing implements and techniques.
分析:主语the requirements ,谓语include,后面是6个名词boat-building, sailing, navigation skills,domesticated plants and gardening skills,a varied inventory并列作宾语,for the successful colonization 是介宾结构,of the Pacific islands后置定语修饰colonization,to get to the islands in the first place,suited to often marginal conditions,of fishing implements and techniques都是作定语修饰前面的名词。下面我们按照上述步骤来理解这句话。
①读句子主干:主语(the requirements)→谓语(include)→宾语(appropriate boat-building,sailing, and navigation skills, domesticated plants and gardening skills, a varied inventory)
翻译:基本的文化要求包括合适的建船,航海和导航技术;驯化植物和园林技术;各种存货。
②读主语的后置介宾结构(for the successful colonization of the Pacific islands)
为了太平洋群岛的成功殖民
③读句子的其他修饰成分(to get to the islands in the first place,suited to often marginal conditions,of fishing implements and techniques)
为了到达这些岛上需要的航海技术,适应边缘条件的园林技术,捕鱼设备和技术的储备。
整个句子的意思就是:太平洋群岛的成功殖民的基本文化要求包括到达这些岛屿需要的航海技术,适应边缘条件的驯化植物和园林技术,捕鱼设备和技术的各种储备。
通过上面的介绍相信大家对于托福阅读文章中那些长句难句已经有所准备了吧!把握好它们对于托福阅读试题的解答来说是很有意义的,希望大家能在以后的托福阅读考试中有所突破。预祝大家托福考试取得好成绩!

