托福阅读中的例子会占据较多篇幅，例子的出现往往会阻碍考生阅读的进行，很多阅读经验中也提到在阅读时可以跳过例子找重点。殊不知，托福阅读中的例子对于解题有很多作用。前程百利小编通过具体示例为大家带来分析。
直接考察例子的题型：
例子是托福阅读修辞目的题常涉及的，例子本身在托福阅读文章中的作用就是为了帮助作者证明一个观点，而修辞目的题考察作者写作目的，所以常常在题干中问到作者提到某个例子的作用，考生只要抓住例子前的论点，即可解题，以TPO4 Cave Art in Europe中的第三题(修辞目的题)为例：
Paragraph 3: ……This theory is suggested by evidence of chips in the painted figures, perhaps made by spears thrown at the drawings. But if improving their hunting luck was the chief motivation for the paintings, it is difficult to explain why only a few show signs of having been speared. Perhaps the paintings were inspired by the need to increase the supply of animals. Cave art seems to have reached a peak toward the end of the Upper Paleolithic period, when the herds of game were decreasing.
题目：Why does the author mention that Upper Paleolithic cave art seemed to have “reached a peak toward the end of the Upper Paleolithic period, when the herds of game were decreasing”?
○To argue that Upper Paleolithic art ceased to include animals when herds of game became scarce
○To provide support for the idea that the aim of the paintings was to increase the supply of animals for hunting
○To emphasize the continued improvement in the quality of cave art throughout the Upper Paleolithic period
○To show the direct connection between the decrease in herds of game and the end of the Upper Paleolithic period
分析：题目中提到的内容是一个例子，说明“当兽群数量开始减少的时候，岩画艺术达到顶峰”，要做的就是找到距离这个例子最近的观点句，即“Perhaps the paintings were inspired by the need to increase the supply of animals.”这一句说明“绘画可能受到动物需求的驱使”，这和第二个选项中“绘画的目的在于增加狩捕量”是一致的。这个题目直接考察一个例子的作用，是修辞目的题常见的一种考察方式。
间接考察例子的题型：
例子除了在修辞目的题中直接考察，在其他题型中还会被间接考到，比如在文章总结题中作为选项迷惑考生，考生要依据“文章总结题答案是总结性的文章重要信息”这一点来直接排除;在句子简化题中出现例子，考生要知道这句话的主干中是可以忽视例子的，所以可以除去例子理解解题，比如TPO4 Deer Populations of the Puget Sound的句子简化题原句是“In addition to finding an increase of suitable browse, like huckleberry and vine maple, Arthur Einarsen, longtime game biologist in the Pacific Northwest, found quality of browse in the open areas to be substantially more nutritive.”可见这句话中的“like huckleberry and vine maple”就是一个具体的例子，考生在理解句子时不必考虑这些内容。还有在句子插入题中也会用到例子的作用，比如TPO3 The long-term stability of ecosystems中的句子插入题：
待插入句子：In fact, damage to the environment by humans is often much more severe than damage by natural events and processes.
Paragraph 6: █Ecologists are especially interested to know what factors contribute to the resilience of communities because climax communities all over the world are being severely damaged or destroyed by human activities. █The destruction caused by the volcanic explosion of Mount St. Helens, in the northwestern United States, for example, pales in comparison to the destruction caused by humans. █We need to know what aspects of a community are most important to the community’s resistance to destruction, as well as its recovery. █
分析：如果句子插入题中需要插入的句子是一个例子，则考生只要根据这个例子的内容找到它所论证的观点是什么，然后把例子插入到观点句的后面。如果需要插入的句子是观点句，则需要找到相应的例子，并把句子放在例子前。这句话中的in fact提示这个句子是观点句，说明“人为活动的破坏力要大于自然的破坏力”，回到原文，可以看到第二个插入点后面所在的句子中有for example,而且表述正好符合这个句子，所以第二个插入点合适。
以上就是前程百利小编为大家带来的托福阅读中的例子在题型中的考察相关分析，考生在托福阅读时可以不必要阅读每个例子，但是对于和解题相关的例子一定要弄清楚例子论证的对象。预祝大家托福考试取得好成绩!
您还可能关注：
