托福

　　托福阅读否定事实信息题在每篇阅读中出现0-1次，它其实是对托福阅读细节的考察，但因为题目需要选择在文章中未提及或者表述错误的信息，为考生解题定位加大了难度。前程百利小编为大家带来否定事实信息题出题点的介绍，希望大家可以从中了解这类题型的出题特点，从而高效解答题目。

　　否定事实信息题的选项中有三个都是在文章中提到的，或者是根据原文可以得出充分依据的选项。所以在出题时，为了保证考生可以根据某一位置的几句话就可以解题，出题者往往选择特定的位置出题。常见的就是对有列举信息的位置出题了。比如TPO4 Cave Art in Europe中的一题：

　　Paragraph 4: The particular symbolic significance of the cave paintings in southwestern France is more explicitly revealed, perhaps, by the results of a study conducted by researchers Patricia Rice and Ann Paterson. The data they present suggest that the animals portrayed in the cave paintings were mostly the ones that the painters preferred for meat and for materials such as hides. For example, wild cattle (bovines) and horses are portrayed more often than we would expect by chance, probably because they were larger and heavier (meatier) than other animals in the environment. In addition, the paintings mostly portray animals that the painters may have feared the most because of their size, speed, natural weapons such as tusks and horns, and the unpredictability of their behavior. That is, mammoths, bovines, and horses are portrayed more often than deer and reindeer. Thus, the paintings are consistent with the idea that the art is related to the importance of hunting in the economy of Upper Paleolithic people. Consistent with this idea, according to the investigators, is the fact that the art of the cultural period that followed the Upper Paleolithic also seems to reflect how people got their food. But in that period, when getting food no longer depended on hunting large game animals (because they were becoming extinct), the art ceased to focus on portrayals of animals.

　　问题：According to paragraph 4, scholars believe that wild cattle, horses, and mammoths are the animals most frequently portrayed in cave paintings for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

　　○These animals were difficult to hunt because their unpredictable behavior.

　　○People preferred these animals for their meat and for their skins.

　　○The painters admired the beauty of these large animals.

　　○People feared these animals because of their size and speed.

　　分析：题目问到的是原因，回到原文，可以看到相关答题信息是：The data they present suggest that the animals portrayed in the cave paintings were mostly the ones that the painters preferred for meat and for materials…In addition, the paintings mostly portray animals that the painters may have feared the most because of…. the unpredictability of their behavior.这里分别提到了“for meat and for materials “ 和”feared these animals “(这一点中阐述了一个原因是unpredictability of their behavior)，对应选项B、选项D和选项A。这里列举信息的提示是In addition。可见否定事实信息题常对有明确列举的位置出题。

　　看另外来自TPO1 The Origins of Theater中的题目：

　　Paragraph 5: In addition to exploring the possible antecedents of theater, scholars have also theorized about the motives that led people to develop theater. Why did theater develop, and why was it valued after it ceased to fulfill the function of ritual? Most answers fall back on the theories about the human mind and basic human needs. One, set forth by Aristotle in the fourth century B.C., sees humans as naturally imitative—as taking pleasure in imitating persons, things, and actions and in seeing such imitations. Another, advanced in the twentieth century, suggests that humans have a gift for fantasy, through which they seek to reshape reality into more satisfying forms than those encountered in daily life. Thus, fantasy or fiction (of which drama is one form) permits people to objectify their anxieties and fears, confront them, and fulfill their hopes in fiction if not fact. The theater, then, is one tool whereby people define and understand their world or escape from unpleasant realities.

　　问题：All of following are mentioned in paragraph 5 as possible reasons that led societies to develop theater EXCEPT

　　○Theater allows people to face that they are afraid of.

　　○Theater gives an opportunity to imagine a better reality.

　　○Theater is a way to enjoy imitating other people.

　　○Theater provides people the opportunity to better understand the human mind.

　　分析：题目问的也是原因，段落中的列举信息正是原因的表述：One, ...;. Another, …;Thus,…这些列举信息指出戏剧使人们可以面对自己的恐惧(permits people to objectify their anxieties and fears, confront them);可以任凭想象创造更美好的现实(reshape reality into more satisfying forms);可以从模仿中找到乐趣(taking pleasure in imitating)。排除法选择D。

　　以上就是前程百利小编为大家带来的托福阅读否定事实信息题出题点的相关介绍，考生可以从中把握这类题型的一般出题规律，从而在解题时高效定位。预祝大家托福考试取得好成绩!预祝大家托福考试取得好成绩!