托福

　　托福阅读细节题是对托福阅读文章具体信息的直接考察，考生在解题时不需要加入自己的常识来判断，只需要根据原文信息来解题。小编曾经介绍过细节题的出题过程涉及同义替换，接下来前程百利小编将用具体的示例来揭示托福阅读细节题解题与同义替换的关系，希望对大家有所帮助。

　　为了明确同义替换在细节题出题时的作用，需要简要说明一下细节题的出题过程：出题者会选择文章中信息用另一种方式表达出来，需要考生根据同义替换原理来找到题目信息的出处，从而解题。这种叙述比较艰涩，考生可以简单理解为在托福阅读细节题解题时，有的时候考生需要找到题干信息的同义替换表达，从而锁定解题关键句;有的时候则先找到关键句，找到选项中的同义替换表达。

　　同义替换在题目解答中怎样发挥作用呢?来看一下TPO4Petroleum Resources中的一道细节题，这个题目对应的是对题干信息进行同义替换，之后高效定位的情况。

　　Paragraph 1: Petroleum, consisting of crude oil and natural gas, seems to originate from organic matter in marine sediment. Microscopic organisms settle to the seafloor and accumulate in marine mud. The organic matter may partially decompose, using up the dissolved oxygen in the sediment. As soon as the oxygen is gone, decay stops and the remaining organic matter is preserved.

　　题目：According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true about petroleum formation?

　　○Microscopic organisms that live in mud produce crude oil and natural gas.

　　○Large amounts of oxygen are needed for petroleum formation to begin.

　　○Petroleum is produced when organic material in sediments combines with decaying marine organisms.

　　○Petroleum formation appears to begin in marine sediments where organic matter is present.

　　分析：我们从问题中的关键词petroleum 可以找到原文第一句“Petroleum, consisting of crude oil and natural gas, seems to originate from organic matter in marine sediment.”但是可能考生会说formation这个词在段落中没有体现。其实，这句话中的动词originate是产生、发生、起源的意思，它和题干中formation应该属于同义替换关系，是同一个概念的不同表达方式。所以考生可以依据这句话解题，明确原句中“organic matter in marine sediment”就是答案，看完选项可以确定D选项正确。

　　接下来再看来自TPO4Cave Art in Europe中的一道细节题，这道题则是找到选项信息的同义替换来解题的情况。

　　Paragraph 2: The researchers Peter Ucko and Andree Rosenfeld identified three principal locations of paintings in the caves of western Europe: (1) in obviously inhabited rock shelters and cave entrances; (2) in galleries immediately off the inhabited areas of caves; and (3) in the inner reaches of caves, whose difficulty of access has been interpreted by some as a sign that magical-religious activities were performed there.

　　题目：According to paragraph 2, what makes some researchers think that certain cave paintings were connected with magical-religious activities?

　　○The paintings were located where many people could easily see them, allowing groups of people to participate in the magical-religious activities.

　　○Upper Paleolithic people shared similar beliefs with contemporary peoples who use paintings of animals in their magical-religious rituals.

　　○Evidence of magical-religious activities has been found in galleries immediately off the inhabited areas of caves.

　　○The paintings were found in hard-to-reach places away from the inhabited parts of the cave.

　　分析：根据magical-religious activities定位到段落最后部分“ (3) in the inner reaches of caves, whose difficulty of access has been interpreted by some as a sign that magical-religious activities were performed there. ”，题干问题是问和宗教活动相关的原因，这句话中作为原因的表达是“difficulty of access“，看选项，选项D中的表述” hard-to-reach places “是“difficulty of access“的同义替换，所以正确答案是D选项。

　　以上就是前程百利小编为大家带来的托福阅读细节题解题的相关介绍，考生要明确同义替换在托福阅读细节题中的重要作用，并能够在解题中利用它。预祝大家托福考试取得好成绩!