在托福考试中，阅读作为最有望取得满分的一部分，我们一定要给予重视。想要取得阅读满分，指代题虽然只占阅读中的一小部分，但是大家也不能忽视。下面前程百利小编就用例题为大家揭秘托福阅读指代题。
例子1. TPO29 R3 -第7题
The term “by then” in the passage refers to(指代题标志性问题形式)
A. by the time steam power entered the scene
B. by the year 1800
C. by the year 1900
D. by the time waterwheel was becoming obsolete
本题对应原文。An energy analyst writing in the year 1800 would have painted a very pessimistic picture of the future for waterpower. The coal-fired steam engine was taking over, and the waterwheel was fast becoming obsolete. However, like many later experts, this one would have suffered from an inability to see into the future. A century later the picture was completely different: by then, the world had an electric industry, and a quarter of its.
根据做题原则进行分析。
1.就近原则。by then指的是时间点，因此离by then最近的表示时间的只有A century later，前三句话都在说1800年的景象，直到A century later the picture有了一个时间的跨度，因此可以而推断by then指的是A century later，而前面只提到1800年因此A century later就是1900年。
2.一致原则。在做题的过程中，所出的代词和正确答案应该是一致的。by then表示时间的一个节点，既可以是具体的时间，也可以是具体的事件。在文章中，前三句话和第四句话表述的是不同时间的景象，而代词出现的位置在最后一句话，因此代词要代指的时间在第四句话中，因此by then所对应的能表示时间的只有A century later，也就是根据前面的内容in the year 1800，A century later即by the year 1900
3.把答案带入原文进行验证。把by the year 1900带入原文为A century later the picture was completely different: by the year 1900, the world had an electric industry, and a quarter of its.符合原文所表达不同世纪的两种不同的景象。
例子2，TPO24 R1-第1题
The phrase” So much” in the passage refers to
A. the negative effects of overland flow, rain, and evaporation on river water levels
B. water that a lake loses to outflowing rivers, to the lake bed, and to evaporation
C. the importance of rivers to the maintenance of lake water levels
D. the information given about ways that water can enter or exit a lake
本道题对应的原文是Where does the water in a lake come from, and how does water leave it? Water enters a lake from inflowing rivers, from underwater seeps and springs, from overland flow off the surrounding land, and from rain falling directly on the lake surface. Water leaves a lake via outflowing rivers, by soaking into the bed of the lake, and by evaporation. So much is obvious.本段文章的开头说到Where does the water in a lake come from, and how does water leave it?总结了本段的主要内容，而代词出现的位置在最后一句，因此利用美国人的常用思维来看，他们一般都是总分总的结构，因此So much指的是前面两个方面的内容，说water是怎么enter怎么leave的因此答案为D选项，the information given about ways that water can enter or exit a lake.
通过以上两个案例的分析可以得知托福阅读指代题可以通过就近原则和一致原则进行解答。小编要提醒大家的是在例子2中，指代的内容不仅仅一个有可能是多个或者是整段落的内容。最后大家在做完题之后进行验证，把选项中的答案带入原文看是否符合，这样才能保证题目的正确性。
以上就是揭秘托福阅读指代题的相关内容。希望通过以上分析，考生能够对指代题的做法有更加深入的理解，帮助考生攻克此类题型。
托福阅读高分备考策略
托福阅读句子简化题的做题步骤
托福阅读三大突破点
